Growth and characterization of Cu2SnS3 (CTS), Cu2SnSe3 (CTSe), and Cu2Sn(S,Se)3 (CTSSe) thin films using dip-coated Cu–Sn precursor

Ternary compounds Cu2SnS3, Cu2SnSe3 and Cu2Sn(S,Se)3 thin films used in thin film solar cell applications were prepared at the first time by such a two-stage process that includes dip-coating of Cu–Sn precursors as distinct from vacuum-based fabrication methods followed by sulfurization/selenization of prepared precursors via rapid thermal processing at 550 °C. All prepared thin films revealed Cu-poor composition. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra of the samples showed that Cu2SnS3 and Cu2SnSe3 thin films had a monoclinic structure as a dominant phase and additionally some secondary phases such as tetragonal Cu2SnS3 and orthorhombic Cu3SnS4. However, the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases had more impact on Cu2Sn(SSe)3 thin film. Compact, dense, and small grained surface morphologies were obtained for the Cu2SnS3 and Cu2Sn(SSe)3 thin films, while the surface morphology of the Cu2SnSe3 thin film had larger grained surface morphology. The Cu2SnS3 thin film demonstrated higher transmittance (~ 65%) and two different absorption edges that indicates formation of two band gap energy. Band gap values of Cu2SnS3, Cu2Sn(SSe)3 and Cu2SnSe3 thin films were found 0.97 eV (and 1.51 eV), 1.25 eV and 0.78 eV, respectively. The lowest resistivity (2.48 × 10-1 ? cm) and the highest carrier concentration (1.64 × 1019 cm-3) values were observed for Cu2Sn(SSe)3 thin film. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Recep Tayyip Erdogan ÜniversitesiThis work was supported by the research fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey, under Contract No. FDK-2018-96

The comparison of wear performances of CP-Ti, Ti6Al4V, Ti45Nb alloys oxidized by anodic oxidation under ambient air and vacuum conditions

Commercially pure (CP-Ti) and alloyed titanium such as, Ti6Al4V and Ti45Nb have versatile use from aerospace to biomedical applications due to the low density, high specific strength, and corrosion resistance features. In addition to the impressive properties of Ti alloys, the sensitivity of wear is a cause for concern. Various surface treatments are employed to overcome this problem, and one of the most important one is the oxidation treatment. This was study mainly aimed to investigate the effects of anodic oxidation process on the structural, hardness and wear features of the CP-Ti, Ti6Al4V and Ti45Nb materials. The wear behavior of specimens was determined at 2 different constant loads (1 N and 2 N) under ambient air and vacuum environments. It was noted that the hardness of these materials improved with the oxidation, but this increase was striking in Ti45Nb (94%). Besides, it was observed that oxidized specimens show higher wear performance than untreated ones in both wear conditions. It has been revealed that the wear in the vacuum condition is more stable than in the ambient air. Meanwhile, the rutile phases were exhibited to be more resistant to frictional and mechanical effects during wear tests. © 2023 Elsevier Lt