1,415 research outputs found
Seagrass habitats of northeast Australia: models of key processes and controls
An extensive and diverse assemblage of seagrass habitats exists along the tropical and subtropical coastline of north east Australia and the associated Great Barrier Reef. In their natural state, these habitats are characterised by very low nutrient concentrations and are primarily nitrogen limited. Summer rainfall and tropical storms/cyclones lead to large flows of sediment-laden fresh water. Macro grazers, dugongs (Dugong dugon) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) are an important feature in structuring tropical Australian seagrass communities. In general, all seagrass habitats in north east Australia are influenced by high disturbance and are both spatially and temporally variable. This paper classifies the diversity into four habitat types and proposes the main limiting factor for each habitat. The major processes that categorise each habitat are described and significant threats or gaps in understanding are identified. Four broad categories of seagrass habitat are defined as 'River estuaries', 'Coastal', 'Deep water' and 'Reef', and the dominant controlling factors are terrigenous runoff, physical disturbance, low light and low nutrients, respectively. Generic concepts of seagrass ecology and habitat function have often been found inappropriate to the diverse range of seagrass habitats in north east Australian waters. The classification and models developed here explain differences in habitats by identifying ecological functions and potential response to impacts in each habitat. This understanding will help to better focus seagrass management and research in tropical habitats
Studies of multiplicity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
In this talk I'll review the present status of charged particle multiplicity
measurements from heavy-ion collisions. The characteristic features of
multiplicity distributions obtained in Au+Au collisions will be discussed in
terms of collision centrality and energy and compared to those of p+p
collisions. Multiplicity measurements of d+Au collisions at 200 GeV
nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy will also be discussed. The results will
be compared to various theoretical models and simple scaling properties of the
data will be identified.Comment: "Focus on Multiplicity" Internationsl Workshop on Particle
Multiplicity in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions, Bari, Italy, June 17-19,
2003, 16 pages, 15 figure
Bose-Einstein source of intermittency in hadronic interactions
The multi-particle Bose-Einstein correlations are the source of
''intermittency'' in high energy hadronic collisions. The power-law like
increase of factorial moments with decreasing bin size was obtained by complete
event weighing technique with gaussian approximation of space-time particle
emitting source shape. The value of source size parameter was found to be
higher than the common one fitted with the help of the standard Handbury
Brown-Twiss procedure.Comment: 12
Chromatin: a tunable spring at work inside chromosomes
This paper focuses on mechanical aspects of chromatin biological functioning.
Within a basic geometric modeling of the chromatin assembly, we give for the
first time the complete set of elastic constants (twist and bend persistence
lengths, stretch modulus and twist-stretch coupling constant) of the so-called
30-nm chromatin fiber, in terms of DNA elastic properties and geometric
properties of the fiber assembly. The computation naturally embeds the fiber
within a current analytical model known as the ``extensible worm-like rope'',
allowing a straightforward prediction of the force-extension curves. We show
that these elastic constants are strongly sensitive to the linker length, up to
1 bp, or equivalently to its twist, and might locally reach very low values,
yielding a highly flexible and extensible domain in the fiber. In particular,
the twist-stretch coupling constant, reflecting the chirality of the chromatin
fiber, exhibits steep variations and sign changes when the linker length is
varied.
We argue that this tunable elasticity might be a key feature for chromatin
function, for instance in the initiation and regulation of transcription.Comment: 38 pages 15 figure
Shaping the Phase of a Single Photon
While the phase of a coherent light field can be precisely known, the phase
of the individual photons that create this field, considered individually,
cannot. Phase changes within single-photon wave packets, however, have
observable effects. In fact, actively controlling the phase of individual
photons has been identified as a powerful resource for quantum communication
protocols. Here we demonstrate the arbitrary phase control of a single photon.
The phase modulation is applied without affecting the photon's amplitude
profile and is verified via a two-photon quantum interference measurement,
which can result in the fermionic spatial behaviour of photon pairs. Combined
with previously demonstrated control of a single photon's amplitude, frequency,
and polarisation, the fully deterministic phase shaping presented here allows
for the complete control of single-photon wave packets.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
A Color Mutation Model of Soft Interaction in High Energy Hadronic Collisions
A comprehensive model, called ECOMB, is proposed to describe multiparticle
production by soft interaction. It incorporates the eikonal formalism, parton
model, color mutation, branching and recombination. The physics is conceptually
opposite to the dynamics that underlies the fragmentation of a string. The
partons are present initially in a hadronic collision; they form a single,
large, color-neutral cluster until color mutation of the quarks leads to a
fission of the cluster into two color-neutral subclusters. The mutation and
branching processes continue until only pairs are left in each small
cluster. The model contains self-similar dynamics and exhibits scaling behavior
in the factorial moments. It can satisfactorily reproduce the intermittency
data that no other model has been able to fit.Comment: 24 pages including 11 figures in revtex epsf styl
Random and Correlated Phases of Primordial Gravitaional Waves
The phases of primordial gravity waves is analysed in detail within a quantum
mechanical context following the formalism developed by Grishchuk and Sidorov.
It is found that for physically relevant wavelengths both the phase of each
individual mode and the phase {\it difference} between modes are randomly
distributed. The phase {\it sum} between modes with oppositely directed
wave-vectors, however, is not random and takes on a definite value with no rms
fluctuation. The conventional point of view that primordial gravity waves
appear after inflation as a classical, random stochastic background is also
addressed.Comment: 14 pages, written in REVTE
Disoriented Chiral Condensates, Pion Probability Distributions and Parallels with Disordered System
A general expression is discussed for pion probability distributions coming
from relativistic heavy ion collisions. The general expression contains as
limits: 1) The disoriented chiral condensate (DCC), 2) the negative binomial
distribution and Pearson type III distribution, 3) a binomial or Gaussian
result, 4) and a Poisson distribution. This general expression approximates
other distributions such as a signal to noise laser distribution. Similarities
and differences of the DCC distribution with these other distribution are
studied. A connection with the theory of disordered systems will be discussed
which include spin-glasses, randomly broken objects, random and chaotic maps.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure include
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