A short survey of discourse representation models

With the advancement of technology and the wide adoption of ontologies as knowledge representation formats, in the last decade, a handful of models were proposed for the externalization of the rhetoric and argumentation captured within scientific publications. Conceptually, most of these models share a similar representation form of the scientific publication, i.e. as a series of interconnected elementary knowledge items. The main differences are given by the terminology used, the types of rhetorical and/or argumentation relations connecting the knowledge items and the foundational theories supporting these relations. This paper analyzes the state of the art and provides a concise comparative overview of the five most prominent discourse representation models, with the goal of sketching an unified model for discourse representation

Building interpretable models for polypharmacy prediction in older chronic patients based on drug prescription records

© 2018 Kocbek et al. Background. Multimorbidity presents an increasingly common problem in older population, and is tightly related to polypharmacy, i.e., concurrent use of multiple medications by one individual. Detecting polypharmacy from drug prescription records is not only related to multimorbidity, but can also point at incorrect use of medicines. In this work, we build models for predicting polypharmacy from drug prescription records for newly diagnosed chronic patients. We evaluate the models' performance with a strong focus on interpretability of the results. Methods. A centrally collected nationwide dataset of prescription records was used to perform electronic phenotyping of patients for the following two chronic conditions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, a hospital discharge dataset was linked to the prescription records. A regularized regression model was built for 11 different experimental scenarios on two datasets, and complexity of the model was controlled with a maximum number of dimensions (MND) parameter. Performance and interpretability of the model were evaluated with AUC, AUPRC, calibration plots, and interpretation by a medical doctor. Results. For the CVD model, AUC and AUPRC values of 0.900 (95% [0.898-0.901]) and 0.640 (0.635-0.645) were reached, respectively, while for the T2D model the values were 0.808 (0.803-0.812) and 0.732 (0.725-0.739). Reducing complexity of the model by 65% and 48% for CVD and T2D, resulted in 3% and 4% lower AUC, and 4% and 5% lower AUPRC values, respectively. Calibration plots for our models showed that we can achieve moderate calibration with reducing the models' complexity without significant loss of predictive performance. Discussion. In this study, we found that it is possible to use drug prescription data to build a model for polypharmacy prediction in older population. In addition, the study showed that it is possible to find a balance between good performance and interpretability of the model, and achieve acceptable calibration at the same time

TechMiner: Extracting Technologies from Academic Publications

In recent years we have seen the emergence of a variety of scholarly datasets. Typically these capture ‘standard’ scholarly entities and their connections, such as authors, affiliations, venues, publications, citations, and others. However, as the repositories grow and the technology improves, researchers are adding new entities to these repositories to develop a richer model of the scholarly domain. In this paper, we introduce TechMiner, a new approach, which combines NLP, machine learning and semantic technologies, for mining technologies from research publications and generating an OWL ontology describing their relationships with other research entities. The resulting knowledge base can support a number of tasks, such as: richer semantic search, which can exploit the technology dimension to support better retrieval of publications; richer expert search; monitoring the emergence and impact of new technologies, both within and across scientific fields; studying the scholarly dynamics associated with the emergence of new technologies; and others. TechMiner was evaluated on a manually annotated gold standard and the results indicate that it significantly outperforms alternative NLP approaches and that its semantic features improve performance significantly with respect to both recall and precision

The exponential map for representations of Up,q(gl(2))U_{p,q}(gl(2))

For the quantum group $GL_{p,q}(2)$ and the corresponding quantum algebra $U_{p,q}(gl(2))$ Fronsdal and Galindo explicitly constructed the so-called universal $T$-matrix. In a previous paper we showed how this universal $T$-matrix can be used to exponentiate representations from the quantum algebra to get representations (left comodules) for the quantum group. Here, further properties of the universal $T$-matrix are illustrated. In particular, it is shown how to obtain comodules of the quantum algebra by exponentiating modules of the quantum group. Also the relation with the universal $R$-matrix is discussed.Comment: LaTeX-file, 7 pages. Submitted for the Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium ``Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems,'' Prague, 22-24 June 199

Белково-липидный состав пыльцы березы бородавчатой (Betula verrucosa) и ее антиоксидантная активность в зависимости от места произрастания

Pollen has various effects on the human body. In order to study and compare the biological activity of the mature pollen grains of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. we investigated the protein-lipid composition and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of 10 samples from different habitats in the territory of Ukraine and the Slovak Republic. The collection sites are near highways and apartment blocks, as well as a nature reserve, forest and botanical garden. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. A chromatographic analysis of fatty acids from lipids was performed using a “Cvet 500” gas chromatograph, equipped with a flame-ionization detector in the isothermal mode. The bioactivity of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of pollen grains was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) by means spectrophotometry in vitro. The protein content of the pollen of B. verrucosa ranged from 17.9% to 25.6%, depending on the habitat. Unsaturated fatty acids were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. The profile of fatty acids indicates a higher content of palmitic (33.9%), oleic (29.5%) and linoleic (27.8%) acids and a low content of arachidonic (0.4%) and pentadecanoic (0.8%) acids. We also established that silver birch pollen is characterized by high antioxidant activity. The measured value of TAA for aqueous pollen extracts was within 74.8–85.5%. For the ethanol extracts it was quantified within 60.3–95.0% and for the methanol extracts – 46.1–92.6%. The Tukey test was used to determine the differences between the means at a level of P < 0.05. A strong correlation coefficient (0.70) was defined between the protein content and the TAA of aqueous extracts. In general, the Ukrainian and Slovak samples of pollen differ in the fatty acid composition of lipids and aqueous and ethanol TAA extracts. Pollen of B. verrucosa should be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic purposes as close as possible to the place of origin. Исследованы белковый и липидный состав и биологическая активность 10 образцов пыльцы Betula verrucosa Ehrh. из разных мест произрастания на территории Украины и Словакии. Определено содержание белков (17,9–25,6%) и 8 жирных кислот (с числом углеродных атомов от 14 до 20) в составе липидов. Выявлено преобладание ненасыщенных жирных кислот (58,6%) с доминированием пальмитиновой (33,9%), олеиновой (29,5%) и линолевой (27,8%). Оценена общая антиоксидантная активность водных, этаноловых и метаноловых экстрактов пыльцы березы бородавчатой с использованием свободного стабильного радикала дифенил­пикрилгидразила колориметрически в реакции in vitro. Установлены статистически достоверные различия между образцами как внутри украинских и словацких генотипов, так и между ними. Рассматриваются факторы влияния на вариации белково-липидного состава пыльцы и ее биологической активности.Исследованы белковый и липидный состав и биологическая активность 10 образцов пыльцы Betula verrucosa Ehrh. из разных мест произрастания на территории Украины и Словакии. Определено содержание белков (17,9–25,6%) и 8 жирных кислот (с числом углеродных атомов от 14 до 20) в составе липидов. Выявлено преобладание ненасыщенных жирных кислот (58,6%) с доминированием пальмитиновой (33,9%), олеиновой (29,5%) и линолевой (27,8%). Оценена общая антиоксидантная активность водных, этаноловых и метаноловых экстрактов пыльцы березы бородавчатой с использованием свободного стабильного радикала дифенил­пикрилгидразила колориметрически в реакции in vitro. Установлены статистически достоверные различия между образцами как внутри украинских и словацких генотипов, так и между ними. Рассматриваются факторы влияния на вариации белково-липидного состава пыльцы и ее биологической активности

Isabelle/DOF: Design and Implementation

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record17th International Conference, SEFM 2019 Oslo, Norway, September 18–20, 2019DOF is a novel framework for defining ontologies and enforcing them during document development and evolution. A major goal of DOF is the integrated development of formal certification documents (e. g., for Common Criteria or CENELEC 50128) that require consistency across both formal and informal arguments. To support a consistent development of formal and informal parts of a document, we provide Isabelle/DOF, an implementation of DOF on top of the formal methods framework Isabelle/HOL. A particular emphasis is put on a deep integration into Isabelleâs IDE, which allows for smooth ontology development as well as immediate ontological feedback during the editing of a document. In this paper, we give an in-depth presentation of the design concepts of DOFâs Ontology Definition Language (ODL) and key aspects of the technology of its implementation. Isabelle/DOF is the first ontology language supporting machine-checked links between the formal and informal parts in an LCF-style interactive theorem proving environment. Sufficiently annotated, large documents can easily be developed collabo- ratively, while ensuring their consistency, and the impact of changes (in the formal and the semi-formal content) is tracked automatically.IRT SystemX, Paris-Saclay, Franc

Semantic aware Bayesian network model for actionable knowledge discovery in linked data

The majority of the conventional mining algorithms treat the mining process as an isolated data-driven procedure and overlook the semantic of the targeted data. As a result, the generated patterns are abundant and end users cannot act upon them seamlessly. Furthermore, interdisciplinary knowledge can not be obtained from domain-specific silo of data. The emergence of Linked Data (LD) as a new model for knowledge representation, which intertwines data with its semantics, has introduced new opportunities for data miners. Accordingly, this paper proposes an ontology-based Semantic-Aware Bayesian network (BN) model. In contrast to the existing mining algorithms, the proposed model does into transform the original format of the LD set. Therefore, it not only accommodates the semantic aspects in LD, but also caters to the need of connecting different data-sets from different domains. We evaluate the proposed model on a Bone Dysplasia dataset, Experimental results show promising performance

A novel EGFR inhibitor acts as potent tool for hypoxia-activated prodrug systems and exerts strong synergistic activity with VEGFR inhibition in vitro and in vivo

Small-molecule EGFR inhibitors have distinctly improved the overall survival especially in EGFR-mutated lung cancer. However, their use is often limited by severe adverse effects and rapid resistance development. To overcome these limitations, a hypoxia-activatable Co(III)-based prodrug (KP2334) was recently synthesized releasing the new EGFR inhibitor KP2187 in a highly tumor-specific manner only in hypoxic areas of the tumor. However, the chemical modifications in KP2187 necessary for cobalt chelation could potentially interfere with its EGFR-binding ability. Consequently, in this study, the biological activity and EGFR inhibition potential of KP2187 was compared to clinically approved EGFR inhibitors. In general, the activity as well as EGFR binding (shown in docking studies) was very similar to erlotinib and gefitinib (while other EGFR-inhibitory drugs behaved different) indicating no interference of the chelating moiety with the EGFR binding. Moreover, KP2187 significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation as well as EGFR pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Finally, KP2187 proved to be highly synergistic with VEGFR inhibitors such as sunitinib. This indicates that KP2187releasing hypoxia-activated prodrug systems are promising candidates to overcome the clinically observed enhanced toxicity of EGFR-VEGFR inhibitor combination therapies