968 research outputs found
Sex pheromone components of an undescribed Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on lodgepole pine in British Columbia
E11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14 OAc) and Z11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14 OAc) are sex pheromone components of an undescribed, pine-feeding Choristoneura (C. n. sp. CPG=Prince George) in British Columbia. Compounds were identified by coupled gas chromatographic- electroantennographic (GC-EAD) and coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analyses, and were field tested near Prince George, B.C. A 65:35 blend of E11-14 OAc and Z11-14 OAc attracted as many male C. n. sp. CPG as did the most attractive virgin fema1es, suggesting that the natural sex pheromone has only two significant components. This two-component blend is suggested for detecting and monitoring C. n. sp. CPG populations
Skill Variety, Innovation and New Business Formation
__Abstract__
We extend Lazearβs theory of skills variety and entrepreneurship in three directions. First, we provide a theoretical framework linking new business creation with an entrepreneurβs skill variety. Second, in this model we allow for both generalists and specialists to possess skill variety. Third, we test our model empirically using data from Germany and the Netherlands. Individuals with more varied work experience seems indeed more likely to successfully start up a new business and being a generalist does not seem to be important in this regard. Finally, we find that innovation positively moderates the relationship between having varied experiences, and being successful in starting up a new business. Our conclusion is that entrepreneurs with more varied work experience are more likely to introduce innovations that have not only technical, but also commercial value. Our findings support the notion that entrepreneurship can be learned
Invasive Techniken in der Notfallmedizin: IV. Koniotomie im Notarztdienst
Zusammenfassung: Die Koniotomie im Notarztdienst ist eine sehr invasive Methode zur Atemwegssicherung. Sie ist aber unabdingbar, wenn andere weniger invasive Verfahren der Atemwegssicherung misslingen oder sich situationsabhΓ€ngig als nicht zweckmΓ€Γig erweisen. FΓΌr die DurchfΓΌhrung wurden verschiedene Verfahren beschrieben, die in anatomisch-chirurgische PrΓ€pariertechniken und Punktionsverfahren unterteilt werden kΓΆnnen. Das im jeweiligen Notarztsystem bevorzugte Verfahren orientiert sich meist an abteilungsΓΌblichen Standards, die vom klinischen Vorgehen abgeleitet werden. Ausbildungs- und TrainingsmΓΆglichkeiten fΓΌr die einzelnen Verfahren bestehen in der Intensivmedizin, am LeichenprΓ€parat und am Phantom. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden der Koniotomie besprochen sowie eine anatomische PrΓ€pariertechnik und 2Punktionsverfahren im Detail dargestell
Plasma afterglow-assisted oxidation of ironβcopper bilayers
International audienceIron layers with variable thicknesses, deposited onto copper thin films, are oxidized by a plasma afterglow at atmospheric pressure. Such a bilayer arrangement enables the growth of caterpillar-like patterns covered by CuO and Fe2O3 nanostructures. Two main mechanisms are at stake: either copper comes up to the surface through cracks or boundaries between the columns of the coating, or it diffuses through parts of the Fe2O3 layer made permeable by tensile stress. Structures grown by the former mechanisms are characterized by a central channel, whereas those grown by the latter exhibit a plane interface above which stands an equiaxed grain heap. This result was used to localize the growth of nanowires in cracks formed priory to the afterglow-assisted treatment. By resorting to XPS microscopy experiments carried out with the scanning photoelectron microscope at the ESCAMicroscopy beamline of the Elettra synchrotron facility in Trieste, we could gain access to the surface composition of a single isolated pattern
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ±Π±Π΅, Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ - ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ 0,05. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
160 ΠΈ 320 ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 35 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°.The relevance of the research is related to the necessity to assess climate changes affecting the permafrost due to the possible growth of greenhouse gas emissions and increase of accident rate in industrial, oil and gas infrastructure at permafrost thawing. The aim of the research is to estimate the current changes in climate characteristics, which affect directly the thermal state of soils in permafrost areas in the north of Western Siberia. Methods. Analysis of long-term changes of meteorological data consisted of tests of null hypothesis of randomness and homogeneity of observation series and trend presence. The homogeneity test was carried out using the Abbe test, the test of randomness was carried out by Pitman criterion, the trend presence was checked using the criterion of inversions. The conclusion on nonrandom change or violation of the homogeneity of rows corresponded to the condition, when the modulus of the estimated statistics exceeded the corresponding critical value at significance level of 0,05. Results. The paper considers the climatic features in the north of Western Siberia and its variability in recent years. The analysis of temperature changes of air and soil at depths of 160 and 320 cm, the amount of precipitation and snow cover based on the instrumental data for the last 35 years has shown that air temperature continues rising in the warmer months, soil temperature increases throughout the year. The authors have revealed zonal character of changes in the amount of precipitation and snow cover. Microclimatic changes in characteristic of meteorological values can distort the real picture of climate change
Suspension-adapted Chinese hamster ovary-derived cells expressing green fluorescent protein as a screening tool for biomaterials
Synthetic biomaterials play an important role in regenerative medicine. To be effective they must support cell attachment and proliferation in addition to being non-toxic and non-immunogenic. We used a suspension-adapted Chinese hamster ovary-derived cell line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to assess cell attachment and growth on synthetic biomaterials by direct measurement of GFP-specific fluorescence. To simplify operations, all cell cultivation steps were performed in orbitally-shaken, disposable containers. Comparative studies between this GFP assay and previously established cell quantification assays demonstrated that this novel approach is suitable for rapid screening of a large number of samples. Furthermore the utility of our assay system was confirmed by evaluation of cell growth on three polyvinylidene fluoride polymer scaffolds that differed in pore diameter and drawing conditions. The data presented here prove the general utility of GFP-expressing cell lines and orbital shaking technology for the screening of biomaterials for tissue engineering application
Synthesis of RuO 2 nanowires from Ru thin films by atmospheric pressure micro-post-discharge
International audienceOxidation by a micro-post-discharge at atmospheric pressure of thin films of ruthenium deposited on fused silica by pressure-modulated magnetron sputtering is studied. Single-crystalline RuO 2 nanowires are obtained for the first time with a diffusion process over large areas. Nanowires grow typically at temperatures below 550-600 K, provided the level of stress is high enough to fragment grains in sub-grains with sizes between 30 and 50 nm. Because of the alternation of dense and porous layers forming the coating, inward diffusion of vacancies leads to no patent Kirkendall's effect, pores being distributed over the whole coating thickness and not mainly at the interface with the substrate. The centre of the treatment being heated at temperatures higher than 900 K, gaseous RuO 4 is formed, leading to an evaporated area. At its edge, a ring of microcrystals is formed, likely by a CVD mechanism
Nanostructures design by plasma afterglow-assisted oxidation of ironβcopper thin films
International audienceOxidizing thin films made of Fe-Cu alloy with an Ar-O 2 micro-afterglow operated at atmospheric pressure shows remarkable growth processes. The presence of iron in copper up to about 50% leads to the synthesis of CuO nanostructures (nanowalls, nanotowers and nanowires). Nanotowers show the presence of an amorphous phase trapped between crystalline domains. Beyond 50%, Fe 2 O 3 iron nano-blades are also found. CuO nanowires as small as 5 nm in diameter can be synthesized. Thanks to the presence of patterned domains induced by buckling, it was possible to show that the stress level decreases when the iron content in the alloy increases. Iron blades grow from the inner Fe 2 O 3 layer through the overlying CuO if it is thin enough
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