Aplicación de la teoría de valores extremos al gerenciamiento del riesgo.

Los activos en los mercados emergentes se caracterizan por una distribución de sus retornos más leptocúrtica que la de sus pares en mercados desarrollados. En este contexto se han aplicado diversas técnicas basadas en la Teoría de Valores Extremos (EVT) a un gran número de activos locales, a efectos de calcular su Valor a Riesgo (VaR). Estos resultaron ser mucho más precisos a la hora de predecir pérdidas extremas respecto a valores de VaR obtenidos bajo la hipótesis normal. Las técnicas consisten en un método estático2 y un método dinámico para calcular el VaR. Este último combina una estimación por pseudo máxima verosimilitud de un modelo AR(1) – GARCH(1,1) para la volatilidad corriente y EVT para estimar la cola de la distribución de la innovación del modelo.

Evaluation de l'exploitation d'une visite au zoo par le traitement graphique

Il paraît important d'orienter les visites de Parc Zoologique sur un programme pédagogique centré notamment sur l'observation. La collecte de données peut poser des problèmes d'utilisation en classe pour les enfants. Les AA. ont donc expérimenté le logiciel " Matrix " de traitement graphique pour envisager les possibilités de son utilisation avec des enfants de l'école primair

On the numerical approximation of p-biharmonic and ∞-biharmonic functions

In [KP16] (arXiv:1605.07880) the authors introduced a second-order variational problem in L∞. The associated equation, coined the ∞-Bilaplacian, is a \emph{third order} fully nonlinear PDE given by Δ2∞u:=(Δu)3|D(Δu)|2=0. In this work we build a numerical method aimed at quantifying the nature of solutions to this problem which we call ∞-Biharmonic functions. For fixed p we design a mixed finite element scheme for the pre-limiting equation, the p-Bilaplacian Δ2pu:=Δ(|Δu|p−2Δu)=0. We prove convergence of the numerical solution to the weak solution of Δ2pu=0 and show that we are able to pass to the limit p→∞. We perform various tests aimed at understanding the nature of solutions of Δ2∞u and in 1-d we prove convergence of our discretisation to an appropriate weak solution concept of this problem, that of -solutions

AC electrokinetic phenomena over semiconductive surfaces: effective electric boundary conditions and their applications

Electrokinetic boundary conditions are derived for AC electrokinetic (ACEK) phenomena over leaky dielectric (i.e., semiconducting) surfaces. Such boundary conditions correlate the electric potentials across the semiconductor-electrolyte interface (consisting of the electric double layer (EDL) inside the electrolyte solutions and the space charge layer (SCL) inside the semiconductors) under AC electric fields with arbitrary wave forms. The present electrokinetic boundary conditions allow for evaluation of induced zeta potential contributed by both bond charges (due to electric polarization) and free charges (due to electric conduction) from the leaky dielectric materials. Subsequently, we demonstrate the applications of these boundary conditions in analyzing the ACEK phenomena around a semiconducting cylinder. It is concluded that the flow circulations exist around the semiconducting cylinder and are shown to be stronger under an AC field with lower frequency and around a cylinder with higher conductivity.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure

Study of peptide on-line complexation with transition-metal ions generated from sacrificial electrodes in thin-chip polymer microsprays

A miniaturized polymer electrospray-type interface is used to study metal-ion chelation with model peptides. Taking advantage of the intrinsic electrochemical behavior of electrospray, a sacrificial electrode is used to generate at the same time electrospray and transition-metal ions coming from the anodic dissolution of the electrode. The microspray interface provides enhanced mass transport due to its small dimensions, increasing the yield of possible reactions, in particular complex formation. Transition-metal electrodes, e.g. copper, zinc, nickel, iron and silver, are used to obtain on-line complexation with model peptides. It is demonstrated that the use of in-reservoir sacrificial electrodes is an efficient way to generate metal ions in order to form and study complexes with peptides, avoiding the addition of metallic salts

First-Order System Least Squares and the Energetic Variational Approach for Two-Phase Flow

This paper develops a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation for equations of two-phase flow. The main goal is to show that this discretization, along with numerical techniques such as nested iteration, algebraic multigrid, and adaptive local refinement, can be used to solve these types of complex fluid flow problems. In addition, from an energetic variational approach, it can be shown that an important quantity to preserve in a given simulation is the energy law. We discuss the energy law and inherent structure for two-phase flow using the Allen-Cahn interface model and indicate how it is related to other complex fluid models, such as magnetohydrodynamics. Finally, we show that, using the FOSLS framework, one can still satisfy the appropriate energy law globally while using well-known numerical techniques.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures submitted to Journal of Computational Physic

Blue light effects on rose photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis

Through its impact on photosynthesis and morphogenesis, light is the environmental factor that most affects plant architecture. Using light rather than chemicals to manage plant architecture could reduce the impact on the environment. However, the understanding of how light modulates plant architecture is still poor and further research is needed. To address this question, we examined the development of two rose cultivars, Rosa hybrida‘Radrazz’ and Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’, cultivated under two light qualities. Plants were grown from one-node cuttings for 6 weeks under white or blue light at equal photosynthetic efficiencies. While plant development was totally inhibited in darkness, blue light could sustain full development from bud burst until flowering. Blue light reduced the net CO2 assimilation rate of fully expanded leaves in both cultivars, despite increasing stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentrations. In ‘Radrazz’, the reduction in CO2 assimilation under blue light was related to a decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, while in both cultivars, the chl a/b ratio increased. Surprisingly, blue light could induce the same organogenetic activity of the shoot apical meristem, growth of the metamers and flower development as white light. The normal development of rose plants under blue light reveals the strong adaptive properties of rose plants to their light environment. It also indicates that photomorphogenetic processes can all be triggered by blue wavelengths and that despite a lower assimilation rate, blue light can provide sufficient energy via photosynthesis to sustain normal growth and development in roses

Random division of an interval

The well-known relation between random division of an interval and the Poisson process is interpreted as a Laplace transformation. With the use of this interpretation a number of (in part known) results is derived very easily

Electrochemical oxygen reduction at soft interfaces catalyzed by the transfer of hydrated lithium cations

The oxygen reduction reaction by decamethylferrocene (DMFc), triggered by hydrophilic metallic cations behaving as Lewis acids towards water molecules in a homogeneous organic phase reaction, was investigated using cyclic voltammetry at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (w|DCE) interface. Simulated CVs, prepared through a facile 1-dimensional geometry in COMSOL Multi-physics software and incorporating interfacial and homogeneous reactions, were compared to experimental ones in order to elucidate the kinetics, thermodynamics, and viability of the proposed mechanism. The predominant O2 reduction reactions were proposed to occur in bulk organic phase, or in the vicinity of the w|DCE interface; six organic phase reactions were put forward. The first step was hydrolysis made possible through polarization of the O−H bond of water molecules available in the cations hydration shell. The metal ion behaves as a Lewis acid coordinating to the oxygen and weakening the O−H bond, making the proton more acidic, thereby facilitating attack by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) to form DMFc-H+. DMFc-H+ then participates in dioxygen reduction, generating the O2H• radical species and DMFc+. Afterwards, the radical oxidizes another equivalent of DMFc to produce O2H−, that can then abstract a proton from the metal ions hydration sphere to generate hydrogen peroxide. The disproportionation of O2H− and the ion-pair formation of Li+ and OH− make up the other two reactions. The CV analysis was based on two curve features; the DMFc+ transfer wave and the positive limit of the polarizable potential window – the edge of scan potential profile – including the metal ion return peak. The goal of this article is to determine the kinetic/thermodynamic aspects of this mechanism from the experimental electrochemical data