Nutrients required for milk production

Master of Science in Agriculture"This work was done under the direction of Professor C.H. Eckles of the Dairy Department" -Acknowledgments pageTypescriptM.S. University of Missouri 1911There are three essentials to high yields of milk - proper kind of cows, proper care and management and proper feeding. This investigation will deal only with the last. No matter what the inherent dairy qualities of the cow may be nor how well she is cared for she may be rendered profitless by feeding too much or too little or by giving the wrong kind of feed. The proper feeding of cows is of great economic importance to dairymen everywhere. Feeding standards have been in use over 40 years and while modifications and improvements have been made in them none are as yet perfect. Investigators have realized the importance of proper feeding and have done considerable work at the various stations. It is quite surprising, however, after reviewing the literature on feeding to find out how very little we know on this subject. One trouble has been that all of the disturbing factors have not been eliminated from the investigations, and with comparatively few it is possible to attribute the results with any degree of definiteness to any one certain thing. Some work in the feeding of dairy cows has been done at this Station and accurate records have been kept; it is with the hope of furthering our knowledge concerning the nutrients required for milk production that this investigation is taken up. In addition to the data which is available at present from five Jersey cows it is planned to secure more from cows yielding normally a poorer grade of milk in order that information may be obtained on the nutrients required for milk varying in quality. No attempt will be made to determine the amount of protein required.Includes bibliographical reference

On the density-potential mapping in time-dependent density functional theory

The key questions of uniqueness and existence in time-dependent density functional theory are usually formulated only for potentials and densities that are analytic in time. Simple examples, standard in quantum mechanics, lead however to non-analyticities. We reformulate these questions in terms of a non-linear Schr\"odinger equation with a potential that depends non-locally on the wavefunction.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Sensitivity of shelf sea marine ecosystems to temporal resolution of meteorological forcing

Phytoplankton phenology and the length of the growing season have implications that cascade through trophic levels and ultimately impact the global carbon flux to the seafloor. Coupled hydrodynamic‐ecosystem models must accurately predict timing and duration of phytoplankton blooms in order to predict the impact of environmental change on ecosystem dynamics. Meteorological conditions, such as solar irradiance, air temperature and wind‐speed are known to strongly impact the timing of phytoplankton blooms. Here, we investigate the impact of degrading the temporal resolution of meteorological forcing (wind, surface pressure, air and dew point temperatures) from 1‐24 hours using a 1D coupled hydrodynamic‐ecosystem model at two contrasting shelf‐sea sites: one coastal intermediately stratified site (L4) and one offshore site with constant summer stratification (CCS). Higher temporal resolutions of meteorological forcing resulted in greater wind stress acting on the sea surface increasing water column turbulent kinetic energy. Consequently, the water column was stratified for a smaller proportion of the year producing a delayed onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom by up to 6 days, often earlier cessation of the autumn bloom, and shortened growing season of up to 23 days. Despite opposing trends in gross primary production between sites, a weakened microbial loop occurred with higher meteorological resolution due to reduced dissolved organic carbon production by phytoplankton caused by differences in resource limitation: light at CCS and nitrate at L4. Caution should be taken when comparing model runs with differing meteorological forcing resolutions. Recalibration of hydrodynamic‐ecosystem models may be required if meteorological resolution is upgraded