Renormalization Group Therapy

We point out a general problem with the procedures commonly used to obtain improved actions from MCRG decimated configurations. Straightforward measurement of the couplings from the decimated configurations, by one of the known methods, can result into actions that do not correctly reproduce the physics on the undecimated lattice. This is because the decimated configurations are generally not representative of the equilibrium configurations of the assumed form of the effective action at the measured couplings. Curing this involves fine-tuning of the chosen MCRG decimation procedure, which is also dependent on the form assumed for the effective action. We illustrate this in decimation studies of the SU(2) LGT using Swendsen and Double Smeared Blocking decimation procedures. A single-plaquette improved action involving five group representations and free of this pathology is given.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 9 table

Oligosaccharides in Milk: Their Benefits and Future Utilization

The percentage of carbohydrate in the milk/colostrum of the mammalian is range from trace to over 10%, of which disaccharide lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc) is usually constitutes the major part. Apart from the lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc; Gal, D-galactose; Glc, D-glucose), the rest of carbohydrate components is composed of variety of sugars, commonly named as milk oligosaccharides. Human mature milk and colostrum contain 12 ~ 13 g/l and 22 ~ 24 g/l of oligosaccharides, respectively. In contrast, bovine colostrum contains more than 1 g/l oligosaccharides and this concentration rapidly decreases after 48 hr post partum. Most of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are resistant to digestion and absorption within the small intestine. Therefore they can reach the infant colon, where they can act as prebiotics that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as various species of Bifidobacterium. They can also act as receptor analogues that inhibit the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms to the infant's colonic mucosa. A small part of the milk oligosaccharides is absorbed intact into the circulation and it has been hypothesized that these may act as immunomodulators. Generally, the bovine milk oligosaccharides are believed not to be absorbed by human adults or infants, thus making them available to be utilized as prebiotics or anti-infection materials. The colostrum of cows and other domestic farm animals is a potential source of free oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides isolated from these natural sources can be utilized as functional foods or animal feedstuffs on the industrial scale

The Real Meaning of Complex Minkowski-Space World-Lines

In connection with the study of shear-free null geodesics in Minkowski space, we investigate the real geometric effects in real Minkowski space that are induced by and associated with complex world-lines in complex Minkowski space. It was already known, in a formal manner, that complex analytic curves in complex Minkowski space induce shear-free null geodesic congruences. Here we look at the direct geometric connections of the complex line and the real structures. Among other items, we show, in particular, how a complex world-line projects into the real Minkowski space in the form of a real shear-free null geodesic congruence.Comment: 16 page

Improving the improved action

We investigate the construction of improved actions by the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group method in the context of SU(2) gauge theory utilizing different decimation procedures and effective actions. We demonstrate that the basic self-consistency requirement for correct application of MCRG, i.e. that the decimated configurations are equilibrium configurations of the adopted form of the effective action, can only be achieved by careful fine-tuning of the choice of decimation prescription and/or action.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

The Akulov-Volkov Lagrangian, Symmetry Currents and Spontaneously Broken Extended Supersymmetry

A generalization of the Akulov-Volkov effective Lagrangian governing the self interactions of the Nambu-Goldstone fermions associated with spontaneously broken extended supersymmetry as well as their coupling to matter is presented and scrutinized. The resulting currents associated with R-symmetry, supersymmetry and space-time translations are constructed and seen to form a supermultiplet structure.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX; Title, abstract and introduction changes, references adde

Twisted Boundary Conditions and Matching to the Effective Four Dimensional Theory

Nontrivial twisted boundary conditions associated with extra compact dimensions produce an ambiguity in the value of the four dimensional coupling constants of the renormalizable interactions of the twisted fields' zero modes. Resolving this indeterminancy would require a knowledge of the exact form of the higher dimensional action including the coefficients of higher dimensional operators. For the case of moderately sized extra dimensions, the uncertainty in the coupling constants can be of order one and may lead to modifications in the stability of the model.Comment: 8 pages, REVTe

Study to minimize hydrogen embrittlement of ultrahigh-strength steels

Hydrogen-stress cracking in high-strength steels is influenced by hydrogen content of the material and its hydrogen absorption tendency. Non-embrittling cleaning, pickling, and electroplating processes are being studied. Protection from this hydrogen embrittlement is important to the aerospace and aircraft industries

The Effective Potential And Additional Large Radius Compactified Space-Time Dimensions

The consequences of large radius extra space-time compactified dimensions on the four dimensional one loop effective potential are investigated for a model which includes scalar self interactions and Yukawa coupling to fermions. The Kaluza-Klein tower of states associated with the extra compact dimensions shifts the location of the effective potential minimum and modifies its curvature. The dependence of these effects on the radius of the extra dimension is illustrated for various choices of coupling constants and masses. For large radii, the consequence of twisting the fermion boundary condition on the compactified dimensions is numerically found to produce but a negligible effect on the effective potential.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 6 Postscript figure

On a Classical, Geometric Origin of Magnetic Moments, Spin-Angular Momentum and the Dirac Gyromagnetic Ratio

By treating the real Maxwell Field and real linearized Einstein equations as being imbedded in complex Minkowski space, one can interpret magnetic moments and spin-angular momentum as arising from a charge and mass monopole source moving along a complex world line in the complex Minkowski space. In the circumstances where the complex center of mass world-line coincides with the complex center of charge world-line, the gyromagnetic ratio is that of the Dirac electron.Comment: 17 page