Investment-Linked Takaful Plan Patronage: Evidence From Malaysia

Investment-linked Takaful is a recent innovation introduced in Malaysia. This study focuses on Investment-linked takaful plan selection in Malaysia. We have used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 143 respondents from the Klang Valley area. Data collected through the survey was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Results indicate that fee payment and benefits play a significant role in Takaful operator selection while coverage and benefits affect the investment-linked product selection in Malaysia. This study is unique as it provides empirical evidence on the investment-linked takaful investment which is limited in supply. Results provided by this study can be useful for takaful operators in designing the most appropriate investment-linked product for attracting customers

Quantifying the Effect of Non-Larmor Motion of Electrons on the Pressure Tensor

In space plasma, various effects of magnetic reconnection and turbulence cause the electron motion to significantly deviate from their Larmor orbits. Collectively these orbits affect the electron velocity distribution function and lead to the appearance of the "non-gyrotropic" elements in the pressure tensor. Quantification of this effect has important applications in space and laboratory plasma, one of which is tracing the electron diffusion region (EDR) of magnetic reconnection in space observations. Three different measures of agyrotropy of pressure tensor have previously been proposed, namely, $A\varnothing_e$, $D_{ng}$ and $Q$. The multitude of contradictory measures has caused confusion within the community. We revisit the problem by considering the basic properties an agyrotropy measure should have. We show that $A\varnothing_e$, $D_{ng}$ and $Q$ are all defined based on the sum of the principle minors (i.e. the rotation invariant $I_2$) of the pressure tensor. We discuss in detail the problems of $I_2$-based measures and explain why they may produce ambiguous and biased results. We introduce a new measure $AG$ constructed based on the determinant of the pressure tensor (i.e. the rotation invariant $I_3$) which does not suffer from the problems of $I_2$-based measures. We compare $AG$ with other measures in 2 and 3-dimension particle-in-cell magnetic reconnection simulations, and show that $AG$ can effectively trace the EDR of reconnection in both Harris and force-free current sheets. On the other hand, $A\varnothing_e$ does not show prominent peaks in the EDR and part of the separatrix in the force-free reconnection simulations, demonstrating that $A\varnothing_e$ does not measure all the non-gyrotropic effects in this case, and is not suitable for studying magnetic reconnection in more general situations other than Harris sheet reconnection.Comment: accepted by Phys. of Plasm

A Novel Cable-Driven Robotic Training Improves Locomotor Function in Individuals Post-Stroke

A novel cable-driven robotic gait training system has been tested to improve the locomotor function in individuals post stroke. Seven subjects with chronic stroke were recruited to participate in this 6 weeks robot-assisted treadmill training paradigm. A controlled assistance force was applied to the paretic leg at the ankle through a cable-driven robotic system. The force was applied from late stance to mid-swing during treadmill training. Body weight support was provided as necessary to prevent knee buckling or toe drag. Subjects were trained 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Overground gait speed, 6 minute walking distance, and balance were evaluated at pre, post 6 weeks robotic training, and at 8 weeks follow up. Significant improvements in gait speed and 6 minute walking distance were obtained following robotic treadmill training through a cable-driven robotic system. Results from this study indicate that it is feasible to improve the locomotor function in individuals post stroke through a flexible cable-driven robot

Crossover from a pseudogap state to a superconducting state

On the basis of our calculation we deduce that the particular electronic structure of cuprate superconductors confines Cooper pairs to be firstly formed in the antinodal region which is far from the Fermi surface, and these pairs are incoherent and result in the pseudogap state. With the change of doping or temperature, some pairs are formed in the nodal region which locates the Fermi surface, and these pairs are coherent and lead to superconductivity. Thus the coexistence of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap is explained when the two kinds of gaps are not all on the Fermi surface. It is also shown that the symmetry of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are determined by the electronic structure, and non-s wave symmetry gap favors the high-temperature superconductivity. Why the high-temperature superconductivity occurs in the metal region near the Mott metal-insulator transition is also explained.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Jet Fragmentation via Recombination of Parton Showers

We study hadron production in jets by applying quark recombination to jet shower partons. With the jet showers obtained from PYTHIA and augmented by additional non-perturbative effects, we compute hadron spectra in e+ + e-collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. Including contributions from resonance decays, we find that the resulting transverse momentum spectra for pions, kaons, and protons reproduce reasonably those from the string fragmentation as implemented in PYTHIA.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, contribution to Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions 201

Properties of Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium

This review is devoted to the discussion of hadron properties in the nuclear medium and its relation to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry. Special attention is given to disentangle in-medium effects due to conventional many-body interactions from those due to the change of the chiral condensate. In particular, we shall discuss medium effects on the Goldstone bosons (pion, kaon and eta), the vector mesons (rho, omega, phi), and the nucleon. Also, for each proposed in-medium effect the experimental consequence and results will be reviewed.Comment: 43 pages, 8 figures, uses epsf-style file. To appear in Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. Vol 4

Nuclear symmetry potential in the relativistic impulse approximation

Using the relativistic impulse approximation with the Love-Franey \textsl{NN} scattering amplitude developed by Murdock and Horowitz, we investigate the low-energy (100 MeV$\leq E_{\mathrm{kin}}\leq 400$ MeV) behavior of the nucleon Dirac optical potential, the Schr\"{o}dinger-equivalent potential, and the nuclear symmetry potential in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. We find that the nuclear symmetry potential at fixed baryon density decreases with increasing nucleon energy. In particular, the nuclear symmetry potential at saturation density changes from positive to negative values at nucleon kinetic energy of about 200 MeV. Furthermore,the obtained energy and density dependence of the nuclear symmetry potential is consistent with those of the isospin- and momentum-dependent MDI interaction with $x=0$, which has been found to describe reasonably both the isospin diffusion data from heavy-ion collisions and the empirical neutron-skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, revised version to appear in PR