Do neutrons publish? A neutron publication survey 2005-2015

Publication in scientific journals is the main product of scientific research. The amount of papers published, their placement in high impact journals, and their citations are used as a measure of the productivity of individual scientists, institutes or fields of science. To give a profound basis on the publication record and the quality of the publication efforts in neutron scattering, a survey has been done following the approach to use bibliographic databases. Questions to be addressed by this survey are: Is the productivity of research with neutrons changing over the years? Which is the geographic distribution in this field of research? Which ones are leading facilities? Is the quality of publications changing? The main results found are presented

Inelastic neutron scattering study of crystal field excitations of Nd³⁺ in NdFeAsO

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed to investigate the crystalline electric field (CEF) excitations of Nd3+ (J = 9/2) in the iron pnictide NdFeAsO. The crystal field level structures for both the high-temperature paramagnetic phase and the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase of NdFeAsO are constructed. The variation of CEF excitations of Nd3+ reflects not only the change of local symmetry but also the change of magnetic ordered state of the Fe sublattice. By analyzing the crystal field interaction with a crystal field Hamiltonian, the crystal field parameters are obtained. It was found that the sign of the fourth and sixth-order crystal field parameters change upon the magnetic phase transition at 140 K, which may be due to the variation of exchange interactions between the 4f and conduction electrons.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Magnetization distribution and orbital moment in the non-Superconducting Chalcogenide Compound K0.8Fe1.6Se2

We have used polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction to determine the spatial distribution of the magnetization density induced by a magnetic field of 9 T in the tetragonal phase of K0.8Fe1.6Se2. The maximum entropy reconstruction shows clearly that most of the magnetization is confined to the region around the iron atoms whereas there is no significant magnetization associated with either Se or K atoms. The distribution of magnetization around the Fe atom is slightly nonspherical with a shape which is extended along the [0 0 1] direction in the projection. Multipolar refinement results show that the electrons which give rise to the paramagnetic susceptibility are confined to the Fe atoms and their distribution suggests that they occupy 3d t2g-type orbitals with around 66% in those of xz/yz symmetry. Detail modeling of the magnetic form factor indicates the presence of an orbital moment to the total paramagnetic moment of Fe2+Comment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Magnetic structure of the Eu2+ moments in superconducting EuFe2(As1-xPx)2 with x = 0.19

The magnetic structure of the Eu2+ moments in the superconducting EuFe2(As1-xPx)2 sample with x = 0.19 has been determined using neutron scattering. We conclude that the Eu2+ moments are aligned along the c direction below T_C = 19.0(1) K with an ordered moment of 6.6(2) mu_B in the superconducting state. An impurity phase similar to the underdoped phase exists within the bulk sample which orders antiferromagnetically below T_N = 17.0(2) K. We found no indication of iron magnetic order, nor any incommensurate magnetic order of the Eu2+ moments in the sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (regular article

Magnetisation distribution in the tetragonal phase of BaFe2As2

We have determined the spatial distribution of the magnetisation induced by a field of 9 T in the tetragonal phase of BaFe2As2 using polarised neutron diffraction. Magnetic structure factors derived from the polarisation dependence of the intensities of Bragg reflections were used to make a maximum entropy reconstruction of the distribution projected on the 110 plane. The reconstruction shows clearly that the magnetisation is confined to the region around the iron atoms and that there is no significant magnetisation associated with either the As or Ba atoms. The distribution of magnetisation around the Fe atom is significantly non-spherical with a shape which is extended in the directions in the projection. These results show that the electrons which give rise to the paramagnetic susceptibility are confined to the Fe atoms their distribution suggests that they occupy 3d t_2g type orbitals with about 60% in those of xy symmetry

Magnetic properties and spin structure of MnO single crystal and powder

Zero field cooled (ZFC)/Field Cooled (FC) magnetization curves of a bulk MnO single crystal show a peculiar peak at low temperatures (~40K) similar to the low temperature peak observed in MnO nanoparticles. In order to investigate the origin of this peak, the spin structure of a MnO single crystal has been studied and compared with a single phase powder sample using magnetometry and polarized neutron scattering. Both magnetometry and polarized neutron diffraction results confirm the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase transition at the N\'eel temperature T_N of 118K, in both powder and single crystal form. However, the low temperature peak in the ZFC/FC magnetization curves is not observed in single phase MnO powder. To better understand the observed behavior, ac susceptibility measurements have been employed. We conclude that the clear peak in the magnetic signal from the single crystal originates from a small amount of ferrimagnetic (FiM) Mn2O3 or Mn3O4 impurities, which is grown at the interfaces between MnO crystal twins

Magnetic and structural transitions in La0.4_{0.4}Na0.6_{0.6}Fe2_2As2_2 single crystals

La$_{0.4}$Na$_{0.6}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals have been grown out of an NaAs flux in an alumina crucible and characterized by measuring magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, specific heat, as well as single crystal x-ray and neutron diffraction. La$_{0.4}$Na$_{0.6}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals show a structural phase transition from a high temperature tetragonal phase to a low-temperature orthorhombic phase at T$_s$\,=\,125\,K. This structural transition is accompanied by an anomaly in the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity, anisotropic magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat. Concomitant with the structural phase transition, the Fe moments order along the \emph{a} direction with an ordered moment of 0.7(1)\,$\mu_{\textup{B}}$ at \emph{T}\,=\,5 K. The low temperature stripe antiferromagnetic structure is the same as that in other \emph{A}Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ (\emph{A}\,=\,Ca, Sr, Ba) compounds. La$_{0.5-x}$Na$_{0.5+x}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ provides a new material platform for the study of iron-based superconductors where the electron-hole asymmetry could be studied by simply varying La/Na ratio.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Physical Review

Phase diagram of Eu magnetic ordering in Sn-flux-grown Eu(Fe1−x_{1-x}Cox_{x})2_{2}As2_{2} single crystals

The magnetic ground state of the Eu$^{2+}$ moments in a series of Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals grown from the Sn flux has been investigated in detail by neutron diffraction measurements. Combined with the results from the macroscopic properties (resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat) measurements, a phase diagram describing how the Eu magnetic order evolves with Co doping in Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ is established. The ground-state magnetic structure of the Eu$^{2+}$ spins is found to develop from the A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in the parent compound, via the A-type canted AFM structure with some net ferromagnetic (FM) moment component along the crystallographic $\mathit{c}$ direction at intermediate Co doping levels, finally to the pure FM order at relatively high Co doping levels. The ordering temperature of Eu declines linearly at first, reaches the minimum value of 16.5(2) K around $\mathit{x}$ = 0.100(4), and then reverses upwards with further Co doping. The doping-induced modification of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between the Eu$^{2+}$ moments, which is mediated by the conduction $\mathit{d}$ electrons on the (Fe,Co)As layers, as well as the change of the strength of the direct interaction between the Eu$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{2+}$ moments, might be responsible for the change of the magnetic ground state and the ordering temperature of the Eu sublattice. In addition, for Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals with 0.10 $\leqslant$ $\mathit{x}$ $\leqslant$ 0.18, strong ferromagnetism from the Eu sublattice is well developed in the superconducting state, where a spontaneous vortex state is expected to account for the compromise between the two competing phenomena.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Non-collinear magnetic structure and anisotropic magnetoelastic coupling in cobalt pyrovanadate Co2V2O7

The Co2V2O7 is recently reported to exhibit amazing magnetic field-induced magnetization plateaus and ferroelectricity, but its magnetic ground state remains ambiguous due to its structural complexity. Magnetometry measurements, and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction (NPD) have been employed to study the structural and magnetic properties of Co2V2O7, which consists of two non-equivalent Co sites. Upon cooling below the Ne\'el temperature TN = 6.3 K, we observe magnetic Bragg peaks at 2K in NPD which indicated the formation of long range magnetic order of Co2+ moments. After symmetry analysis and magnetic structure refinement, we demonstrate that Co2V2O7 possesses a complicated non-collinear magnetic ground state with Co moments mainly located in b-c plane and forming a non-collinear spin-chain-like structure along the c-axis. The ab initio calculations demonstrate that the non-collinear magnetic structure is more stable than various ferromagnetic states at low temperature. The non-collinear magnetic structure with canted up-up-down-down spin configuration is considered as the origin of magnetoelectric coupling in Co2V2O7 because the inequivalent exchange striction induced by the spin-exchange interaction between the neighboring spins is the driving force of ferroelectricity. Besides, it is found that the deviation of lattice parameters a and b is opposite below TN, while the lattice parameter c and stay almost constant below TN, evidencing the anisotropic magnetoelastic coupling in Co2V2O7.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

First observation of bulk magnetic scattering using high-energy X-rays

Today, the most powerful methods for theinvestigation of magnetic structures are magnetic neutrondiffraction and synchrotron-X-ray scattering in the energyrange 3-15 keV. This paper reports the first successful experimentto exploit a new technique: the magnetic diffractionof hard X-rays with energies exceeding 80 keV. Thistechnique combines some of the advantages of eachof the aforementioned methods: namely high Q-spaceresolution (10 -4 /~-1 radial and 10 -5 A -1 tangential) andbulk sensitivity (absorption length >> 1 mm). It is shownthat, compared to nominally 10 keV X-ray scattering,enhancement factors of several orders of magnitude canbe obtained for the magnetic signal, owing to the increasein penetration depth. The magnetic cross section for thesevery hard X-rays is discussed, the new technique iscompared with the existing methods and a preliminaryexperiment on MnF2 is reporte