Comparison of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during the fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort

Received: June 27th, 2022 ; Accepted: September 18th, 2022 ; Published: October 17th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected], the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have attracted the attention of Food Science researchers due to their unique properties, the main among which are probiotics. Thus, research is conducted on the use of this yeast as a starter culture in the technology of yogurt, fermented vegetables, fruit, vegetable juices, as well as beer. This paper is aimed at studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii 's fermentation performance compared to top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort. Fermentation activity of the studied strains was assessed based on the character of fermentation curves, as well as the values of the maximum substrate assimilation rate and apparent degree of fermentation. Moreover, during the study, beer was produced using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii as a starter culture. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have less fermentation activity compared to brewing strains. In turn, beer produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardiisignificantly differed in physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic parameters from the control sample obtained using the 047A brewing strain. Thus, it contained less ethanol and secondary metabolites; however, the concentration of living cells was significantly higher, which indicates a relatively high viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. From an organoleptic point of view, final beer has a positive sensory profile. The aroma of the product had a complex character: it included caramel, spicy, fruity and phenolic notes, as well as smoked and wine elements; while honey was the dominant note of the taste

Clustering in light nuclei in fragmentation above 1 A GeV

The relativistic invariant approach is applied to analyzing the 3.3 A GeV $^{22}$Ne fragmentation in a nuclear track emulsion. New results on few-body dissociations have been obtained from the emulsion exposures to 2.1 A GeV $^{14}$N and 1.2 A GeV $^{9}$Be nuclei. It can be asserted that the use of the invariant approach is an effective means of obtaining conclusions about the behavior of systems involving a few He nuclei at a relative energy close to 1 MeV per nucleon. The first observations of fragmentation of 1.2 A GeV $^{8}$B and $^{9}$C nuclei in emulsion are described. The presented results allow one to justify the development of few-body aspects of nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics-2, 16-20 May, 2005 (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungar

Fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in peripheral interactions in nuclear track emulsion

The technique of nuclear track emulsions is used to explore the fragmentation of light relativistic nuclei down to the most peripheral interactions - nuclear "white" stars. A complete pattern of therelativistic dissociation of a $^8$B nucleus with target fragment accompaniment is presented. Relativistic dissociation $^{9}$Be$\to2\alpha$ is explored using significant statistics and a relative contribution of $^{8}$Be decays from 0$^+$ and 2$^+$ states is established. Target fragment accompaniments are shown for relativistic fragmentation $^{14}$N$\to$3He+H and $^{22}$Ne$\to$5He. The leading role of the electromagnetic dissociation on heavy nuclei with respect to break-ups on target protons is demonstrated in all these cases. It is possible to conclude that the peripheral dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion is a unique tool to study many-body systems composed of lightest nuclei and nucleons in the energy scale relevant for nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, conference: Relativistic nuclear physics: from Nuclotron to LHC energies, Kiev, June 18-22, 200

Фертильность продуктов мужского и женского мейоза у мейотических мутантов томата

Наведено результати дослідження фертильності мікро-і мегагаметофітів, а також розміри пилку дев'яти мейотичних мутантів томату (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Всі мутації, крім мутації додаткового поділу мейозу amd викликають істотне зниження фертильності продуктів чоловічого і жіночого мейозу. Мутант amd виявляє повну стерильність і найменші розміри пилку, проте високу фертильність мегагаметофітов. The results of the study of fertility micro- and macrogametophytes, as well as the size of the pollen of nine meiotic mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was presented. All mutations, except mutations additional meiotic division amd cause significant reduction in fertility products of male and female meiosis. The аmd mutant reveals a complete sterility of the pollen and the smallest size, but high fertility macrogametophytes

Structures and orientational transitions in thin films of tilted hexatic smectics

We present detailed systematic studies of structural transformations in thin liquid crystal films with the smectic-C to hexatic phase transition. For the first time all possible structures reported in the literature are observed for one material (5 O.6) at the variation of temperature and thickness. In unusual modulated structures the equilibrium period of stripes is twice with respect to the domain size. We interpret these patterns in the frame work of phenomenological Landau type theory, as equilibrium phenomena produced by a natural geometric frustration in a system having spontaneous splay distortion.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Topology of "white" stars in relativistic fragmentation of light nuclei

In the present paper, experimental observations of the multifragmentation processes of light relativistic nuclei carried out by means of emulsions are reviewed. Events of the type of "white" stars in which the dissociation of relativistic nuclei is not accompanied by the production of mesons and the target-nucleus fragments are considered. A distinctive feature of the charge topology in the dissociation of the Ne, Mg, Si, and S nuclei is an almost total suppression of the binary splitting of nuclei to fragments with charges higher than 2. The growth of the nuclear fragmentation degree is revealed in an increase in the multiplicity of singly and doubly charged fragments with decreasing charge of the non-excited part of the fragmenting nucleus. The processes of dissociation of stable Li, Be, B, C, N, and O isotopes to charged fragments were used to study special features of the formation of systems consisting of the lightest $\alpha$, d, and t nuclei. Clustering in form of the $^3$He nucleus can be detected in "white" stars via the dissociation of neutron-deficient Be, B, C, and N isotopes.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 9 tables, conference: Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Moscow, Russia, 1-5 Mar 2004.(Author's translation

Fertility of Micro-and Makrogametophytes Meiotic Mutants of Tomato.

Наведено результати дослідження фертильності мікро- й макрогаметофітів, а також морфометричних параметрів пилку дев’яти мейотичних мутантів томата (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Усі мутації, крім мутації додаткового поділу мейозу amd, викликають істотне зниження фертильності продуктів чоловічого та жіночого мейозу. Мутант amd виявляє повну стерильність і найменші розміри пилку, проте високу фертильність макрогаметофітів. The results of the study of fertility micro- and macrogametophytes, as well as the morphometric parameters of the pollen of nine meiotic mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was presented. All mutations, except mutations additional meiotic division amd, cause significant reduction in fertility products of male and female meiosis. The аmd mutant reveals a complete sterility of the pollen and the smallest size, but high fertility macrogametophytes

The size and age composition of roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) at the upper part of the Kuibyshev reservoir Volga reach

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The size-and-age structure as well as indexes of the linear roach growth of the Volga upper reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir during 2010-2014 are considered. Material was gathered during control fishery with stationary nets. It is established that in the catch female small fries prevailed. Low level of average length indexes and the relative simplified nature of age structure around research reflect instability of population reproduction and high level of fishing pressure. The reconstructed indicators of the linear growth of roach on materials 2013 and 2014 years were substantially lower,both on different sites of the Kuibyshev reservoir,and on materials concerning the Volga River before the reservoir foundation. It is the result of the deterioration tendency continuation in roach growth in the Volga reach revealed earlier

Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome in human neurodegenerative and oncological diseases

The development of new biomarkers for prediction and early detection of human diseases, as well as for monitoring the response to therapy is one of the most relevant areas of modern human genetics and genomics. Until recently, it was believed that the function of human Y chromosome genes was limited to determining sex and controlling spermatogenesis. Thanks to occurance of large databases of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), there has been a transition to the use of large samples for analyzing genetic changes in both normal and pathological conditions. This has made it possible to assess the association of mosaic aneuploidy of the Y chromosome in somatic cells with a shorter lifespan in men compared to women. Based on data from the UK Biobank, an association was found between mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral blood leukocytes and the age of men over 70, as well as a number of oncological, cardiac, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. As a result, mLOY in peripheral blood cells has been considered a potential marker of biological age in men and as a marker of certain age-related diseases. Currently, numerous associations have been identified between mLOY and genes based on GWAS and transcriptomes in affected tissues. However, the exact cause of mLOY and the impact and consequences of this phenomenon at the whole organism level have not been established. In particular, it is unclear whether aneuploidy of the Y chromosome in blood cells may affect the development of pathologies that manifest in other organs, such as the brain in Alzheimer’s disease, or whether it is a neutral biomarker of general genomic instability. This review examines the main pathologies and genetic factors associated with mLOY, as well as the hypotheses regarding their interplay. Special attention is given to recent studies on mLOY in brain cells in Alzheimer’s disease

Forestry-Selection Valuation of Genetic Reserves of Scots Pine in SE «Volodymyr-Volynsk Forestry-Hunting Economy»

У статті подано лісівничо-селекційну характеристику генетичних резерватів сосни звичайної ДП «Володимир-Волинське лісомисливське господарство». Досліджено, що генетичні резервати зростають за І–Іа бонітетом, мають добрий стан, у віці 70–80 років мають повноту 0,6–0,8. У 35–48 % дерев відсутні вади стовбура і крони. Вивчена різноманітність морфологічних форм сосни дає змогу проводити відбір дерев на комбінаційну здатність. In this article forestry-selection valuation of genetic reserves of Scots pine in SE «Volodymyr-Volynsk forestry-hunting economy» is given. The genetic reserves have І−Іа bonitet, the good health, 70-80 years old and 0,6–0,8 plenitude. 35–48 % of trees does not have the defects of trunk and crown.Роботу виконано на кафедрі ботаніки і садово- паркового господарства ВНУ ім. Лесі Українк