Optical echo in photonic crystals

The dynamics of photonic wavepacket in the effective oscillator potential is studied. The oscillator potential is constructed on a base of one dimensional photonic crystal with a period of unit cell adiabatically varied in space. The structure has a locally equidistant discrete spectrum. This leads to an echo effect, i.e. the periodical reconstruction of the packet shape. The effect can be observed in a nonlinear response of the system. Numerical estimations for porous-silicon based structures are presented for femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser pump.Comment: 4 page

Physical well-being of teachers as a factor in the effectiveness of their professional activities

The urgency of the problem in the present study is associated with dramatic changes in the system of contemporary Russian education, which, on the one hand, are positive, and on the other contribute to emotional stress. Teacher, experiencing a state of stress, negatively affects students, transferring their negative emotions and often exerting a negative impact. Even those teachers who try to resist are also prone to burnout and psychosomatic diseases in these conditions. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of cognitive and emotional changes of teachers, and their correlation with nosological form of cardiovascular disease, identifying the features of psychological, emotional states depending on earlier diagnosis. Mental status of the teacher is reflected in his personality changes in behaviour. The materials are based on the results of studies of physical well-being of teachers and its impact on the quality of the solution of pedagogical tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the therapeutic department of the polyclinic № 1 in Togliatti. Experimental data confirm that stressful situations characteristic of the educational activities provoke diseases, which are a response to external negative impacts

Цифровой профиль: понятие, механизмы регулирования и проблемы реализации

The subject of the research is the legal nature of the digital profile of a citizen, as well as a set of legal norms regulating digital profiling relations in Russia.The comparative method, the method of system analysis, as well as the method of legal modeling are used in the article.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that legal regulation is not the only mechanism for regulating relations in the field of digital profiling.The main results, scope of application. The article studies the phenomenon of digital profile, the main approaches to the digital profiling as well as the circumstances that have caused the state's interest in digital profiling. The creation and operation of a digital profile should be aimed at achieving the goal set out in the legislation. The digital profile is a set of relevant, reliable information about individuals and legal entities formed in the unified identification and authentication system or other information systems of state and local government authorities. The formation of a digital profile is carried out in order to provide data to authorities, legal entities and persons who have requested access to this information through the digital profile infrastructure. The analysis of the Russian legal regulation of relations in the field of digital profiling is presented, the problems of enforcement practice are identified. The analysis revealed the main differences between the digital profile and related categories, including social scoring, the unified population register and others. The comparison of a digital profile with a digital avatar and a digital character was carried out. It is extremely important to pay close attention to the problems of digital profiling both at the level of fundamental and applied scientific research. At the state level, it is important to strategically determine what a digital profile is, as well as formulate the main directions of the digital profiling development, challenges and risks. The importance of the development of digital profiling for unified system of public authorities in the Russian Federation is outlined.Conclusions. The analysis of the emerging practice of digital profiling in contemporary society shows that legal regulation does not always allow us to keep up with the rapidly developing relations in this area. The possibility of using other mechanisms should be considered. The use of mechanisms of regulatory experiments can also be considered as special mechanisms for regulating relations in the field of digital profiling. The goal of the research has been achieved, the legal nature of the digital profile has been revealed, approaches to regulating this phenomenon in the conditions of digital transformation have been proposed.Cтавится цель исследовать основные подходы к пониманию и механизмам регулирования цифрового профиля, формируемые в условиях цифровой трансформации. Изучается феномен цифрового профиля, дается анализ состояния российского правового регулирования отношений в сфере цифрового профилирования. Выявляются основные отличия цифрового профиля от смежных категорий, в том числе социального скоринга, единого реестра населения и др. Проводится сравнение цифрового профиля с цифровым аватаром и цифровым персонажем. Делается вывод, что цифровой профиль – это совокупность актуальных достоверных данных и иных сведений о физических и юридических лицах, формируемых в единой системе идентификации и аутентификации или других информационных системах органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления, а также подведомственных им организаций, взаимодействующих с ней посредством единой системы межведомственного электронного взаимодействия, в целях их предоставления с согласия соответствующих граждан или юридических лиц субъектам, запросившим доступ к этим сведениям посредством инфраструктуры цифрового профиля

Reaction of l, 2-diphenyl-4-benzal-3,5-pyrazolidinedinone with trimethyl phosphite and tri(dimethylamino)phosphine

1. Trimethyl phosphite reacts with 1,2-diphenyl-4-benzal-3,5-pyrazolidinedione via the step of the bipolar ion with the formation of the methyl ether of the enolic form of the dimethyl ester of 1, 2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione-4-benzylphosphonic acid. 2. The reaction of tri(dimethylamino)phosphine with 1,2-diphenyl-4-benzal-3,5-pyrazolidinedione gave a stable adduct (1:1), which has the structure of the bipolar ion with a P-C bond. © 1974 Consultants Bureau

Interaction of 2-benzylidenindandione-1,3;2-benzylidene-3(2h)-thionaphthenone-1,1-dioxide, and benzalbindone with trimethyl phosphite and tri-(dimethylamino)phosphine

1. In the absence of moisture trimethyl phosphite is added to benzalbindone in CH2C12 solution at the benzylidene double bond, forming a (1:1) adduct with bipolar structure, which isomerizes to the methyl ether of the enol form of the dimethyl ester of bindonylbenzylphosphinic acid (III). The latter is also formed when the reaction is conducted in the absence of a solvent at room temperature. 2. In the interaction of trimethyl phosphite with benzalbindone in the presence of glacial acetic acid, the dimethyl ester of bindonylbenzylphosphinic acid is formed. 3. In the interaction of tri(dimethylamino)phosphine with benzalbindone, 2-benzylidenindandione-1,3, and 2-benzylidene-3(2H)-thionaphthenone-1,1-dioxide, crystalline (1:1) adducts were obtained, possessing the structure of bipolar ions with a P-C bond. 4. The structures of all the products obtained were confirmed by the IR spectra and the data on the chemical shifts of the phosphorus nucleus. © 1970 Consultants Bureau

Resting-state functional connectivity in deaf and hearing individuals and its link to executive processing

Sensory experience shapes brain structure and function, and it is likely to influence the organisation of functional networks of the brain, including those involved in cognitive processing. Here we investigated the influence of early deafness on the organisation of resting-state networks of the brain and its relation to executive processing. We compared resting-state connectivity between deaf and hearing individuals across 18 functional networks and 400 ROIs. Our results showed significant group differences in connectivity between seeds of the auditory network and most large-scale networks of the brain, in particular the somatomotor and salience/ventral attention networks. When we investigated group differences in resting-state fMRI and their link to behavioural performance in executive function tasks (working memory, inhibition and switching), differences between groups were found in the connectivity of association networks of the brain, such as the salience/ventral attention and default-mode networks. These findings indicate that sensory experience influences not only the organisation of sensory networks, but that it also has a measurable impact on the organisation of association networks supporting cognitive processing. Overall, our findings suggest that different developmental pathways and functional organisation can support executive processing in the adult brain

Reaction of trialkyl phosphites with α, β-unsaturated acids

1. The addition of trialkyl phosphites to α, β-unsaturated acids can proceed via the prior protonization of the trialkyl phosphites by the unsaturated acid. The dialkylphosphorous acids and unsaturated acid esters that are formed here react with each other to give the trialkyl esters of the corresponding β-phosphonocarboxylic acids. 2. Not excluded is the possibility that the above indicated reaction can also proceed simultaneously by the mechanism proposed by Kukhtin and Kamai, but without the formation of the cyclic phosphorane as the intermediate step. 3. Together with the trimethyl ester of β-phosphonopropionic acid, the cyclic anhydride of the methyl ester of β-phosphonopropionic acid is formed when trimethyl phosphite is reacted with acrylic acid. The cyclic anhydride is obtained in much larger amounts in the presence of acetic acid. The corresponding cyclic anhydride was isolated in the same manner when triethyl phosphite was reacted with methacrylic acid. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

Neutron-capture elements in halo, thick-disk, and thin-disk stars. Strontium, yttrium, zirconium, cerium

We derived Sr, Y, Zr, and Ce abundances for a sample of 74 cool dwarfs and subgiants with iron abundances, [Fe/H], between 0.25 and -2.43. These estimates were obtained using synthetic spectra, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for Y, Zr, and Ce, allowing for non-LTE conditions for Sr. We used high-resolution (λ/Δλ≈40 000 and 60 000) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios between 50 and 200. We find that the Zr/Y, Sr/Y, and Sr/Zr ratios for the halo stars are the same in a wide metallicity range (-2.43 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -0.90), within the errors, indicating a common origin for these elements at the epoch of halo formation. The Zr/Y ratios for thick-disk stars quickly decrease with increasing Ba abundance, indicating a lower rate of production of Zr compared to Y during active thick-disk formation. The thick-disk and halo stars display an increase in the [Zr/Ba] ratio with decreasing Ba abundance and a correlation of the Zr and Eu overabundances relative to Ba. The evolutionary behavior of the abundance ratios found for the thick-disk and halo stars does not agree with current models for the Galaxy's chemical evolution. The abundance ratios of Y and Zr to Fe and Ba for thin-disk stars, as well as the abundance ratios within each group, are, on average, solar, though we note a slight decrease of Zr/Ba and Zr/Y with increasing Ba abundance. These results provide evidence for a dominance of asymptotic-giant-branch stars in the enrichment of the interstellar medium in heavy elements during the thin-disk epoch, in agreement with the predictions of the nucleosynthesis theory for the main s-process component. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Changes of the cytokine profile in patients with traumatic synovitis on the background of ozone therapy

Objectives– the cytokine profile research in patients with posttraumatic synovitis during intravenous and intra-articular ozone therapy. Material and methods.The research involved 69 patients with traumatic knee joint damage complicated by posttraumatic synovitis. Patients in Group I (35 people) received a traditional treatment. Patients in Group II (34 people) along with the traditional therapy had intravenous injection of 200 ml of ozonated solution of sodium chloride in ozone concentration 2 mg/l once daily for 10 days, and intra-articular injection of 20 ml ozone-oxygen mixture in ozone concentration of 15 mg/l once every second day, in an amount of 5 injections. During arthroscopy, the lavage of the joint cavity was performed with ozonated saline solution at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l. The cytokine profile was evaluated by the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-á, IL-1â, IL-6, IL-17), regulatory (IL-2), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase as an indicator. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the Student t-test. Results.The use of intravenous and intra-articular ozone therapy contributed to synchronous decrease of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with simultaneous reduction of anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation. TNF-ácontent decreased by 24.6% (p20.001), IL-17 – by 17.3% (p20.01), IL-6 – by 20.1% (p20.001), IL-1â– by 19.1% (p20.001), IL-2 – by 25.7% (p20.001), IL-1RА – by 24.4% (p20.001), IL-10 – by 21.3%(p20.001), IL-4 – by 25.7% (p20.001) in comparison to traditional treatment. Conclusion.The complex ozone therapy led to the decrease of inflammation, which was reflected in the depression dynamics of the studied cytokines. These results allow us to evaluate it as an effective treatment method for post-traumatic synovitis which effectively reduces the secondary posttraumatic alteration of tissue structures