Algae bioaccumulation capacity for metals in acid mine drainage (AMD)-a case study in Frongoch Mine, the UK

Algae living in the AMD water around the Frongoch Mine, the UK, were collected and identified by microscope. Metals’ concentration was evaluated in AMD water and algae in two seasons (June and October) in 2019 to assess the bioaccumulation capacity of algae. Two types of algae, Ulothrix sp. and Oedogonium sp., were found to be the main species at the Frongoch mine, and they revealed a high capacity of metals bioaccumulation. Concentrations of metals in AMD water from higher to lower were Zn>>Pb>Cd>Fe>Cu. Study results identified the bioaccumulated metals concentrations in algae from higher to lower were Fe>Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn

Maxwell Equations in Complex Form of Majorana - Oppenheimer, Solutions with Cylindric Symmetry in Riemann S_{3} and Lobachevsky H_{3} Spaces

Complex formalism of Riemann - Silberstein - Majorana - Oppenheimer in Maxwell electrodynamics is extended to the case of arbitrary pseudo-Riemannian space - time in accordance with the tetrad recipe of Tetrode - Weyl - Fock - Ivanenko. In this approach, the Maxwell equations are solved exactly on the background of static cosmological Einstein model, parameterized by special cylindrical coordinates and realized as a Riemann space of constant positive curvature. A discrete frequency spectrum for electromagnetic modes depending on the curvature radius of space and three parameters is found, and corresponding basis electromagnetic solutions have been constructed explicitly. In the case of elliptical model a part of the constructed solutions should be rejected by continuity considerations. Similar treatment is given for Maxwell equations in hyperbolic Lobachevsky model, the complete basis of electromagnetic solutions in corresponding cylindrical coordinates has been constructed as well, no quantization of frequencies of electromagnetic modes arises.Comment: 39 page

Influence of chlorine on the fate of Pb and Cu during clinkerization

The fate of heavy metals during clinkerization is of crucial significance to the utilization of solid waste as fuels and raw materials in cement kiln producing clinker. A ternary system of clinker-heavy metal-chlorine was developed that is more coincident with the condition of co-processing of solid waste in cement kiln. The main goal of this study was to investigate the relationships among chlorine, volatilization and solidification of Cu/Pb, and mineral phases of the clinker during clinkirization. The AlCl3·6H2O (chlorine source) and PbO/CuO were mixed with cement raw meal in appropriate ratios to produce co-processed clinkers. The volatilization and solidification of Pb and Cu were investigated experimentally using a combination of atomic absorption spectrometry, electron probe micro-analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscope, thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction quantitative analyses. The volatilization ratios of Pb and Cu increased up to 46.18% and 34.04%, respectively, with increasing AlCl3·6H2O content up to 1.6%. comparing to the cement mixtures without AlCl3·6H2O addition (Pb and Cu volatilisation ratios are 49.90% and 27.21%, respectively). Pb and Cu oxides can be transformed into Pb and Cu chlorides, that are not stable and have high vapor pressure. Pb and Cu are mainly concentrated in the interstitial phases of the clinker. The addition of AlCl3·6H2O led to increase the crystal size of alite and belite. X-ray diffraction quantitative analyses proved that the content of silicate phase increased with the corresponding content of interstitial phases decreased during clinkerization with the addition of AlCl3·6H2O, that decreased the ability of clinker to solidify Pb and Cu in the produced clinkers. This research can help to promote understanding of the fate of heavy metals during the cement kiln co-processing of solid wastes and meaningfully for energy conservation and sustainable development

Anisotropic inharmonic Higgs oscillator and related (MICZ-)Kepler-like systems

We propose the integrable (pseudo)spherical generalization of the four-dimensional anisotropic oscillator with additional nonlinear potential. Performing its Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation we then obtain the pseudospherical generalization of the MICZ-Kepler system with linear and $\cos\theta$ potential terms. We also present the generalization of the parabolic coordinates, in which this system admits the separation of variables. Finally, we get the spherical analog of the presented MICZ-Kepler-like system.Comment: 7 page

The Coulomb-Oscillator Relation on n-Dimensional Spheres and Hyperboloids

In this paper we establish a relation between Coulomb and oscillator systems on $n$-dimensional spheres and hyperboloids for $n\geq 2$. We show that, as in Euclidean space, the quasiradial equation for the $n+1$ dimensional Coulomb problem coincides with the $2n$-dimensional quasiradial oscillator equation on spheres and hyperboloids. Using the solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for the oscillator system, we construct the energy spectrum and wave functions for the Coulomb problem.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe

Crystal Field and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya Interaction in orbitally ordered La_{0.95}Sr_{0.05}MnO_3: An ESR Study

We present a comprehensive analysis of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and crystal-field parameters using the angular dependence of the paramagnetic resonance shift and linewidth in single crystals of La_{0.95}Sr_{0.05}MnO_3 within the orthorhombic Jahn-Teller distorted phase. The Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction (~ 1K) results from the tilting of the MnO_6 octahedra against each other. The crystal-field parameters D and E are found to be of comparable magnitude (~ 1K) with D ~= -E. This indicates a strong mixing of the |3z^2-r^2> and |x^2-y^2> states for the real orbital configuration.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Influence of the initial chemical conditions on the rational design of silica particles

The influence of the water content in the initial composition on the size of silica particles produced using the Stöber process is well known. We have shown that there are three morphological regimes defined by compositional boundaries. At low water levels (below stoichiometric ratio of water:tetraethoxysilane), very high surface area and aggregated structures are formed; at high water content (>40 wt%) similar structures are also seen. Between these two boundary conditions, discrete particles are formed whose size are dictated by the water content. Within the compositional regime that enables the classical Stöber silica, the structural evolution shows a more rapid attainment of final particle size than the rate of formation of silica supporting the monomer addition hypothesis. The clearer understanding of the role of the initial composition on the output of this synthesis method will be of considerable use for the establishment of reliable reproducible silica production for future industrial adoption