8,334 research outputs found
More on a holographic dual of QCD
We investigate the interactions among the pion, vector mesons and external
gauge fields in the holographic dual of massless QCD proposed in a previous
paper, hep-th/0412141, on the basis of probe D8-branes embedded in a D4-brane
background in type IIA string theory. We obtain the coupling constants by
performing both analytic and numerical calculations, and compare them with
experimental data. It is found that the vector meson dominance in the pion form
factor as well as in the Wess-Zumino-Witten term holds in an intriguing manner.
We also study the \omega to \pi\gamma and \omega to 3\pi decay amplitudes. It
is shown that the interactions relevant to these decay amplitudes have the same
structure as that proposed by Fujiwara et al. Various relations among the
masses and the coupling constants of an infinite tower of mesons are derived.
These relations play crucial roles in the analysis. We find that most of the
results are consistent with experiments.Comment: Latex2e, 40 pages, 6 figures, v2: references added, typos corrected,
v3: PTP-style, typos corrected, v4: minor correction
Exact description of D-branes in K-matrix theory
We summarize how to describe D-branes in a matrix theory based on unstable
D-instantons, which we call K-matrix theory, and explicity show that D-branes
can be constructed as bound states of infinitly many unstable D-instantons. We
examine the fluctuations around Dp-brane solutions in the matrix theory and
show that they correctly reproduce fields on the Dp-brane world-volume.
Plugging them into the action of the matrix theory, we precisely obtain the
Dp-brane action as the effective action of the fluctuations.Comment: 19 pages, Talk given by S.S. at the 17th Nishinomiya-Yukawa Memorial
Symposium, Nishinomiya, November, 200
Low energy hadron physics in holographic QCD
We present a holographic dual of four-dimensional, large N_c QCD with
massless flavors. This model is constructed by placing N_f probe D8-branes into
a D4 background, where supersymmetry is completely broken. The chiral symmetry
breaking in QCD is manifested as a smooth interpolation of D8 - anti-D8 pairs
in the supergravity background. The meson spectrum is examined by analyzing a
five-dimensional Yang-Mills theory that originates from the non-Abelian DBI
action of the probe D8-brane. It is found that our model yields massless pions,
which are identified with Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with the chiral
symmetry breaking. We obtain the low-energy effective action of the pion field
and show that it contains the usual kinetic term of the chiral Lagrangian and
the Skyrme term. A brane configuration that defines a dynamical baryon is
identified with the Skyrmion. We also derive the effective action including the
lightest vector meson. Our model is closely related to that in the hidden local
symmetry approach, and we obtain a
Kawarabayashi-Suzuki-Riazuddin-Fayyazuddin-type relation among the couplings.
Furthermore, we investigate the Chern-Simons term on the probe brane and show
that it leads to the Wess-Zumino-Witten term. The mass of the \eta' meson is
also considered, and we formulate a simple derivation of the \eta' mass term
satisfying the Witten-Veneziano formula from supergravity.Comment: 46 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections, version to appear in Prog.
Theor. Phys, v4: typos corrected, v5: The normalization of the 5d Yang-Mills
action given in Eq. (5.1) is corrected. Some of the expressions in section 5
are modified accordingly, but all the conclusions remain unchange
Baryons from instantons in holographic QCD
We consider aspects of dynamical baryons in a holographic dual of QCD that is
proposed on the basis of a D4/D8-brane configuration. We construct a soliton
solution carrying a unit baryon number and show that it is given by an
instanton solution of four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with fixed size. The
Chern-Simons term on the flavor D8-branes plays a crucial role of protecting
the instanton from collapsing to zero size. By quantizing the collective
coordinates of the soliton, we work out the baryon spectra. Negative-parity
baryons as well as baryons with higher spins and isospins can be obtained in a
simple manner.Comment: 25 pages, v2: references added, minor changes, v3: PTP-style, minor
correction
Impact of lithium composition on the thermoelectric properties of the layered cobalt oxide system LixCoO2
Thermoelectric properties of the layered cobalt oxide system LixCoO2 were
investigated in a wide range of Li composition, 0.98 >= x >= 0.35. Single-phase
bulk samples of LixCoO2 were successfully obtained through electrochemical
deintercalation of Li from the pristine LiCoO2 phase. While LixCoO2 with x >=
0.94 is semiconductive, the highly Li-deficient phase (0.75 >= x >= 0.35)
exhibits metallic conductivity. The magnitude of Seebeck coefficient at 293 K
(S293K) significantly depends on the Li content (x). The S293K value is as
large as +70 ~ +100 uV/K for x >= 0.94, and it rapidly decreases from +90 uV/K
to +10 uV/K as x is lowered within a Li composition range of 0.75 >= x >= 0.50.
This behavior is in sharp contrast to the results of x <= 0.40 for which the
S293K value is small and independent of x (+10 uV/K), indicating that a
discontinuous change in the thermoelectric characteristics takes place at x =
0.40 ~ 0.50. The unusually large Seebeck coefficient and metallic conductivity
are found to coexist in a narrow range of Li composition at about x = 0.75. The
coexistence, which leads to an enhanced thermoelectric power factor, may be
attributed to unusual electronic structure of the two-dimensional CoO2 block.Comment: 29 pages, 1 table, 8 figure
Preservice Teachers\u27 Understandings Related to Language in the Mathematics Classroom
Mathematics reforms are highlighting the important role that language plays in mathematics education. However, there remains a common misconception that mathematics is somehow language-free. This qualitative study explored 67 elementary preservice teachersâ developing understandings about the role of language in the mathematics classroom based on their practicum experiences. Iterative, open-coding techniques were used to analyze mentor teacher advice and preservice teachersâ observations of mentor teachers teaching a mathematics lesson. The tool helped focus preservice teachersâ attention on language in the mathematics classrooms. Implications are identified for mentor and preservice teachersâ knowledge and skill development toward linguistically responsive teaching practices
Electronic phase diagram of the layered cobalt oxide system, LixCoO2 (0.0 <= x <= 1.0)
Here we report the magnetic properties of the layered cobalt oxide system,
LixCoO2, in the whole range of Li composition, 0 <= x <= 1. Based on
dc-magnetic susceptibility data, combined with results of 59Co-NMR/NQR
observations, the electronic phase diagram of LixCoO2 has been established. As
in the related material NaxCoO2, a magnetic critical point is found to exist
between x = 0.35 and 0.40, which separates a Pauli-paramagnetic and a
Curie-Weiss metals. In the Pauli-paramagnetic regime (x <= 0.35), the
antiferromagnetic spin correlations systematically increase with decreasing x.
Nevertheless, CoO2, the x = 0 end member is a non-correlated metal in the whole
temperature range studied. In the Curie-Weiss regime (x >= 0.40), on the other
hand, various phase transitions are observed. For x = 0.40, a susceptibility
hump is seen at 30 K, suggesting the onset of static AF order. A magnetic jump,
which is likely to be triggered by charge ordering, is clearly observed at Tt =
175 K in samples with x = 0.50 (= 1/2) and 0.67 (= 2/3), while only a tiny kink
appears at T = 210 K in the sample with an intermediate Li composition, x =
0.60. Thus, the phase diagram of the LixCoO2 system is complex, and the
electronic properties are sensitively influenced by the Li content (x).Comment: 29 pages, 1 table, 9 figure
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