1,039 research outputs found

    Forage Quality, Yield and Palatability of Quackgrass (\u3ci\u3eElytrigia repens\u3c/i\u3e (L.) Nevski)

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    Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) is a competitive perennial invader of pastures and hay meadows which is frequently harvested as forage in mixtures with desired forage species. Field experiments were conducted to compare quackgrass with cool-season perennial grasses grown under the same soil and climatic conditions, in terms of forage quality, productivity, and palatability. The forage quality of the hays was influenced by the grass species. Quackgrass showed forage crude protein (CP) concentration that was equal to those of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and greater than orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration of the quackgrass was intermediate between those of perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass. Yields of quackgrass was equal to reed canarygrass, and greater than those of Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass. The different hays did not affect the response of animals by feed intake. Quackgrass hay had higher phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration, and lower calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Quackgrass was not to be inferior to other cool-season perennial grasses under frequent utilization

    Influence of residual Ga_2O_3 and Cs on the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency of NEA-GaAs by a two-step thermal cleaning process

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    We investigated the relationship between the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency of negative electron affinity (NEA)-GaAs depending on the thermal cleaning conditions and residual species, e.g., Ga_2O_3 and Cs atoms, on the GaAs surface using temperature-programmed desorption. We found that the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency occurs during thermal cleaning at 500–600℃ for ~8.5 min. The increase in ratio was maximum when the amount of Ga_2O_3 on the GaAs surface was maximum. In the case that Cs atoms remained, when the thermal cleaning was performed in a temperature range where Ga_2O_3 was not formed, the effect facilitating an NEA surface formation was observed. However, the residual Cs atoms might not be affected at an increased maximum quantum efficiency. From the above results, we considered that the double-dipole structures of Cs-Ga_2O_3 and Cs-O are significant to the high quantum efficiency. The Cs-O dipoles are considered to form easily when Ga_2O_3 is on the GaAs surface before the NEA activation, and the amount of Cs-O dipoles required to reduce the vacuum level below the conduction band minimum increase more than usually NEA surface. As a result, the maximum quantum efficiency increases

    (2-Methyl­phen­yl)(phen­yl)methanol

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    In the title compound, C14H14O, the two benzene rings are almost orthogonal [dihedral angle = 87.78 (8) °]. The hy­droxy group lies approximately in the plane of its attached benzene ring [O—C—C—C torsion angle = −17.47 (17)°], and the hydroxyl and methyl groups lie to the same side of the mol­ecule and are gauche to each other. In the crystal, a hexa­meric aggregate mediated by a ring of six O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occurs, generating an R 6 6(12) loop
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