Pengaruh Pengurangan Diameter Valvestem Dan Penambahan Radius Valveneck Terhadap Performa Motor Bakar Honda Supra Fit 100 CC

Salah satu untuk meningkatkan performa dari sepeda motor adalah dengan melakukan penggantian katup standard ke katup racing. Katup racing ini bertujuan untuk memperlancar aliran udara yang masuk ke ruang bakar. Katup racing, biasanya, cara memodifikasinya adalah dengan melakukan pengurangan diameter pada batang katup. Pemilihan diameter katup pada penelitian ini adalah pengurangan sebesar 0,7 mm, 0,9 mm, dan 1,1 mm, dan membandingkan ketiga diameter dengan katup ukuran standard. Metode pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan simulasi aliran dengan menggunakan program komputer ANSYS. Serta dengan melakukan uji dynotest untuk mengetahui peningkatan daya dan torsi, sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penggantian pada masing-masing variasi pada katup. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah melakukan simulasi adalah katup dengan diameter batang yang diperkecil menghasilkan pressure drop yang lebih kecil dan velocity yang besar. Hasil tersebut dicapai oleh katup dengan pengurangan sebesar 0,9 mm. Untuk hasil dynotest, daya tertinggi dicapai oleh katup dengan pengurangan sebesar 1,1 mm. yaitu 6,8 HP, mengalami pengingkatan sebesar 17,24%. Sedangkan torsi maksimum dicapai oleh katup dengan pengurangan 0,9 mm, yaitu 7,39 N.m, meningkat sebesar 14,75% dari katup standard

Density dependence of spin relaxation in GaAs quantum well at room temperature

Carrier density dependence of electron spin relaxation in an intrinsic GaAs quantum well is investigated at room temperature using time-resolved circularly polarized pump-probe spectroscopy. It is revealed that the spin relaxation time first increases with density in the relatively low density regime where the linear D'yakonov-Perel' spin-orbit coupling terms are dominant, and then tends to decrease when the density is large and the cubic D'yakonov-Perel' spin-orbit coupling terms become important. These features are in good agreement with theoritical predictions by L\"u {\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 73}, 125314 (2006)]. A fully microscopic calculation based on numerically solving the kinetic spin Bloch equations with both the D'yakonov-Perel' and the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanisms included, reproduces the density dependence of spin relaxation very well.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Europhys. Lett., in pres

Observation of isoprene hydroxynitrates in the southeastern United States and implications for the fate of NO_x

Isoprene hydroxynitrates (IN) are tracers of the photochemical oxidation of isoprene in high NO_x environments. Production and loss of IN have a significant influence on the NO_x cycle and tropospheric O_3 chemistry. To better understand IN chemistry, a series of photochemical reaction chamber experiments was conducted to determine the IN yield from isoprene photooxidation at high NO concentrations (> 100 ppt). By combining experimental data and calculated isomer distributions, a total IN yield of 9(+4/−3) % was derived. The result was applied in a zero-dimensional model to simulate production and loss of ambient IN observed in a temperate forest atmosphere, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign, from 27 May to 11 July 2013. The 9 % yield was consistent with the observed IN/(MVK+MACR) ratios observed during SOAS. By comparing field observations with model simulations, we identified NO as the limiting factor for ambient IN production during SOAS, but vertical mixing at dawn might also contribute (~ 27 %) to IN dynamics. A close examination of isoprene's oxidation products indicates that its oxidation transitioned from a high-NO dominant chemical regime in the morning into a low-NO dominant regime in the afternoon. A significant amount of IN produced in the morning high NO regime could be oxidized in the low NO regime, and a possible reaction scheme was proposed

Comparative bactericidal activities of daptomycin, glycopeptides, linezolid and tigecycline against blood isolates of Gram-positive bacteria in Taiwan

ABSTRACTIn-vitro MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin and teicoplanin against Gram-positive bacteria were determined using the broth microdilution method for ten blood isolates each of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), including two vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. One strain of VISA was tested in a time-kill synergism assay of daptomycin combined with oxacillin, imipenem, rifampicin and isepamicin. Daptomycin showed excellent in-vitro bactericidal activity against all the isolates tested, with no tolerance or synergism effects when combined with other agents, except with rifampicin against VISA. Vancomycin had better bactericidal activity against MRSA and MSSA than did teicoplanin. Linezolid had the poorest bactericidal activity against the isolates tested, with 100% tolerance by the MSSA and VRE isolates, and 80% tolerance by the MRSA isolates. Tolerance towards tigecycline was exhibited by 40% of the MRSA isolates, 100% of the MSSA and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates, and 90% of the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates

A systematic review of air pollution and incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Introduction: Studies have linked air pollution with the incidence of acute coronary artery events and cardiovascular mortality but the association with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is less clear. Aim: To examine the association of air pollution with the occurrence of OHCA.Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases (until February 2013) were searched. Search terms included common air pollutants and OHCA. Studies of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and OHCA not attended by paramedics were excluded. Two independent reviewers (THKT and TAW) identified potential studies. Methodological: quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: Of 849 studies, 8 met the selection criteria. Significant associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure (especially PM2.5) and OHCA were found in 5 studies. An increase of OHCA risk ranged from 2.4% to 7% per interquartile increase in average PM exposure on the same day and up to 4 days prior to the event. A large study found ozone increased the risk of OHCA within 3 h prior to the event. The strongest risk OR of 3.8–4.6% per 20 parts per billion ozone increase of the average level was within 2 h prior to the event. Similarly, another study found an increased risk of 18% within 2 days prior to the event.Conclusions: Larger studies have suggested an increased risk of OHCA with air pollution exposure from PM 2.5 and ozone

Exploring the spread and scale of a web-based clinical decision support portal in Sydney, Australia, during COVID-19: a case study

Purpose HealthPathways is an online decision support portal, primarily aimed at General Practitioners (GPs), that provides easy to access and up to date clinical, referral and resource pathways. It is free to access, with the intent of providing the right care, at the right place, at the right time. This case study focuses on the experience and learnings of a HealthPathways program in metropolitan Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews the team's program management responses and looks at key factors that have facilitated the spread and scale of HealthPathways. Design/methodology/approach Available data and experiences of two HealthPathways program managers were used to recount events and aspects influencing spread and scale. Findings The key factors for successful spread and scale are a coordinated response, the maturity of the HealthPathways program, having a single source of truth, high level governance, leadership, collaboration, flexible funding and ability to make local changes where required. Originality/value There are limited published articles on HealthPathways. The focus of spread and scale of HealthPathways during COVID-19 is unique

Quasiclassical double photoionization from the 2^{1,3}S excited states of helium including shakeoff

We account for the different symmetries of the 2^{1,3}S helium excited states in a quasiclassical description of the knockout mechanism augmented by a quantum shakeoff contribution. We are thus able to formulate the separate contribution of the knockout and shakeoff mechanisms for double photoionization for any excess energy from the 2^{1,3}S states. Photoionization ratios and singly differential cross sections calculated for the 2^{1,3}S excited states of helium are found to be in very good agreement with recent theoretical results.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Melioidosis: an emerging infection in Taiwan?

From January 1982 to May 2000, 17 infections caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei were diagnosed in 15 patients in Taiwan; almost all the infections were diagnosed from 1994 to May 2000. Of the 15 patients, 9 (60%) had underlying diseases, and 10 (67%) had bacteremic pneumonia. Thirteen (76%) episodes of infection were considered indigenous. Four patients died of melioidosis. Seventeen B. pseudomallei isolates, recovered from eight patients from November 1996 to May 2000, were analyzed to determine their in vitro susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobial agents, cellular fatty acid and biochemical reaction profiles, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. Eight strains (highly related isolates) were identified. All isolates were arabinose non-assimilators and were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem. No spread of the strain was documented