Expression of URG4/URGCP, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Bax genes in retinoic acid treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in development, growth, and differentiation by regulating the expression of its target genes. The pro-apoptotic Bax gene may form channels through oligomerization in the mitochondrial membrane and facilitate the cytosolic release of cytochrome c. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene can inhibit this process. Up-regulated gene 4/Upregulator of cell proliferation (URG4/URGCP) is a novel gene located on 7p13. URG4/ URGCP also stimulates cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA expression, and RNAi-mediated URG4/URGCP silencing diminishes CCND1mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. In this study, the effects of RA treatment on URG4/URGCP, CCND1, Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression changes in undifferentiated and differentiated SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells was analyzed. SHSY5Y cells were cultured in the appropriate conditions. To induce differentiation, the cells were treated with 10micromolar RA in the dark for 3-10 days. SHSY5Y cells possess small processes in an undifferentiated state, and after treatment with RA, the cells developed long neurites, resembling a neuronal phenotype. Total RNA was isolated with Tri-Reagent. Expression profiles of the target genes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. According to the results, Bcl-2 and CCND1 gene expression levels were increased, while URG4/URGCP and Bax gene expression was decreased in RA treated cells compared to the control cells. Our preliminary results suggest that RA may induce cell proliferation and escape apoptosis using a novel pathway by the URG4/URGCP gene. Further investigations are needed to clarifymore direct transcriptional targets of RA signaling and the interaction of RA pathways with other pro-regenerative signals

8 Double sling procedure for the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence with concomitant anterior vaginal wall prolapse

To assess the safety, efficacy of double-sling procedure (DS) for the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with concomitant anterior wall prolapse (AVWP) and to identify if less synthetic material implantation will decrease the complication rates without decreasing the high cure rates

The effects of grape seed on apoptosis-related gene expression and

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Emerging evidences indicate that many mechanistic pathways including apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to show the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: The study included control group, diabetic group without treatment and diabetic group treated with GSE (n = 7) group. GSE was given orally (100 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Following parameters were evaluated; oxidative stress index, caspase 1, IL1-alpha, caspase 2, IL1-beta, BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit and beta bubunit (DFFA, DFFB), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), caspase 6, Bcl2-like 1 (BCL-XL), caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1 b (TNFRSF1B) and IAP-binding mitochondrial protein (DIABLO). Results: Oxidative stress index levels were significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic group without treatment compared to control group, and decreased in diabetic + GSE group compared to diabetic group without treatment. In the kidney of diabetic group without treatment, caspase 1, IL-1 alpha, BAD, DFFA, DFFB and caspase-6 gene expressions were significantly higher compared to control group. In diabetic + GSE group caspase 1, caspase 2, XIAP, DFFA, BID, BCL-XL and TNFRSF1B genes were significantly decreased compared to control group. Conclusions: Grape seed reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression suggesting the protective effect on diabetic nephropathy

oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Emerging evidences indicate that many mechanistic pathways including apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study is to show the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: The study included control group, diabetic group without treatment and diabetic group treated with GSE (n = 7) group. GSE was given orally (100 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Following parameters were evaluated; oxidative stress index, caspase 1, IL1-alpha, caspase 2, IL1-beta, BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit and beta bubunit (DFFA, DFFB), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), caspase 6, Bcl2-like 1 (BCL-XL), caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1 b (TNFRSF1B) and IAP-binding mitochondrial protein (DIABLO). Results: Oxidative stress index levels were significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic group without treatment compared to control group, and decreased in diabetic + GSE group compared to diabetic group without treatment. In the kidney of diabetic group without treatment, caspase 1, IL-1 alpha, BAD, DFFA, DFFB and caspase-6 gene expressions were significantly higher compared to control group. In diabetic + GSE group caspase 1, caspase 2, XIAP, DFFA, BID, BCL-XL and TNFRSF1B genes were significantly decreased compared to control group. Conclusions: Grape seed reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression suggesting the protective effect on diabetic nephropathy

Effects of adrenal and renal metabolites on testicular temperature and morphology in varicocele

The aim of this study was to research for the validity of the hypothesis, which claims that the reflux of renal and adrenal metabolites by internal spermatic vein through testis causes morphological changes. The study was planned for three groups as sham [Group I, n:5], experimantally induced left varicocele (Group II, n:7), experimantally induced left varicocele + left adrenalectomy + left nephrectomy [Group III: n:9), containing 21 adolescent rats, totally. Ten weeks after the operation the wheights of vesicula seminalis, epididiym, testis and intratesticular-intraperitoneal temperatures of each rat were measured. Additionally epididimal sperm aspiration was performed and testicular biopsy specimens were obtained for histological examination. The differences between intraabdominal and intratesticular temperatures (delta T) were statistically significant between the groups II-III and I (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed that the germ cell desquamation was present in 5 (71.4%) and 1 (11.1%) of the rats in-groups II and III, respectively. Also, Leydig cell changes were more prominent in groups II and III than group I. The results of our study have shown that although elevated intratesticular temperature was responsible for the morphological alteration of testicular tissue in varicocele, some adrenal and/or renal factors also contribute to this process

77 Predictive value of leukocytosis for infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the natural history of white blood cell (WBC) values and incidence of leukocytosis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), factors associated with development of postoperative leukocytosis, and predictive value of WBC count for infection

52 The comparison of percutaneous ethanol and polidocanol sclerotherapy in the management of simple renal cysts

To compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol and polidocanol sclerotherapy in the management of simple renal cysts