Services, Processes and Routines: Literature review and implications

Service management involves building new services by combining and recombining processes and routines. In this paper, we examine the ontological and epistemological perspectives that inform our understanding of the chunks of functionality that are being recombined. Based on a review of 367 influential articles, we identify two very different sets of assumptions about the nature of processes and routines. We discuss the implications of these divergent assumptions for service management

Benzyl N-{(1S)-2-hy­droxy-1-[N′-(2-nitro­benzyl­idene)hydrazinylcarbon­yl]eth­yl}carbamate

The carbamate and hydrazone groups in the title compound, C18H18N4O6, are approximately orthogonal [dihedral angle = 83.3 (4)°], and the carbonyl groups are effectively anti [O=C⋯C=O torsion angle = −116.2 (7)°]. The conformation about the imine bond [1.295 (11) Å] is E. The crystal packing is dominated by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which leads to two-dimensional arrays in the ab plane

Benzyl N-[(S)-2-hy­droxy-1-({[(E)-2-hy­droxy-4-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene]hydrazin­yl}carbon­yl)eth­yl]carbamate

The shape of the title compound, C19H21N3O6, is curved with the conformation about the imine bond [1.291 (3) Å] being E. While the hy­droxy-substituted benzene ring is almost coplanar with the hydrazinyl residue [N—N—C—C = 177.31 (18)°], an observation correlated with an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond leading to an S(6) ring, the remaining residues exhibit significant twists. The carbonyl residues are directed away from each other as are the amines. This allows for the formation of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the crystal, which lead to two-dimensional supra­molecular arrays in the ac plane. Additional stabilization to the layers is afforded by C—H⋯π inter­actions

tert-Butyl N-((1S)-2-hy­droxy-1-{N′-[(1E)-4-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene]hydrazinecarbon­yl}eth­yl)carbamate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H23N3O5, is twisted about the chiral C atom, the dihedral angle formed between the amide residues being 79.6 (3)°. The conformation about the imine bond [1.278 (5) Å] is E. In the crystal, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the hy­droxy, amine and carbonyl groups leads to the formation of supra­molecular layers, which stack along the c-axis direction

Benzyl N-(1-{N′-[(E)-2-chloro­benzyl­idene]hydrazinecarbon­yl}-2-hy­droxy­eth­yl)carbamate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C18H18ClN3O4, is twisted about the chiral C atom with the dihedral angle between the two amide residues being 87.8 (5)°, but, overall, it can be described as curved, with the benzene rings lying on the same side of the mol­ecule [dihedral angle = 62.8 (4)°]. The conformation about the imine bond [1.294 (7) Å] is E. In the crystal, a two-dimensional array in the ab plane is mediated by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as C—H⋯Cl inter­actions. The layers stack along the c-axis direction, being connected by C—H⋯.π contacts

Benzyl N-(2-hy­droxy-1-{N′-[(1E)-2-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene]hydrazinecarbon­yl}eth­yl)carbamate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C18H19N3O5, adopts a curved arrangement with the terminal benzene rings lying to the same side. The hydroxyl­benzene ring is close to coplanar with the adjacent hydrazine residue [dihedral angle = 11.14 (12)°], an observation which correlates with the presence of an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The benzyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 50.84 (13)° with the adjacent carbamate group. A twist in the mol­ecule, at the chiral C atom, is reflected in the dihedral angle of 80.21 (12)° formed between the amide residues. In the crystal, two-dimensional arrays in the ac plane are mediated by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

tert-Butyl N-{(1S)-1-[(2,4-dihy­droxy­benzyl­idene)hydrazinecarbon­yl]-2-hy­droxy­eth­yl}carbamate ethanol monosolvate

The mol­ecule of the title ethanol solvate, C15H21N3O6·C2H6O, adopts a curved shape; the conformation about the imine bond [N=N = 1.287 (3) Å] is E. The amide residues occupy positions almost orthogonal to each other [dihedral angle = 85.7 (2)°]. In the crystal, a network of O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds leads to the formation of supra­molecular arrays in the ab plane with the ethanol mol­ecules lying to the periphery on either side. Disorder in the solvent ethanol mol­ecule was evident with two positions being resolved for the C atoms [site occupancy of the major component = 0.612 (10)]

Coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries using TAMA300 and LISM data

Japanese laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, TAMA300 and LISM, performed a coincident observation during 2001. We perform a coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries. The length of data used for the coincidence analysis is 275 hours when both TAMA300 and LISM detectors are operated simultaneously. TAMA300 and LISM data are analyzed by matched filtering, and candidates for gravitational wave events are obtained. If there is a true gravitational wave signal, it should appear in both data of detectors with consistent waveforms characterized by masses of stars, amplitude of the signal, the coalescence time and so on. We introduce a set of coincidence conditions of the parameters, and search for coincident events. This procedure reduces the number of fake events considerably, by a factor $\sim 10^{-4}$ compared with the number of fake events in single detector analysis. We find that the number of events after imposing the coincidence conditions is consistent with the number of accidental coincidences produced purely by noise. We thus find no evidence of gravitational wave signals. We obtain an upper limit of 0.046 /hours (CL $= 90$) to the Galactic event rate within 1kpc from the Earth. The method used in this paper can be applied straightforwardly to the case of coincidence observations with more than two detectors with arbitrary arm directions.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, Replaced with the version to be published in Physical Review

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte