Sociodemographic and clinical data predicting unplanned pregnancy in young 13 to 24 years, Spain

Fundamentos: El embarazo no planificado (EnoP) sigue siendo un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los comportamientos sexuales y prácticas contraceptivas relacionados con EnoP en las mujeres jóvenes. Métodos: 583 mujeres de edades entre 13 y 24 años, atendidas en una consulta de anticoncepción durante el año 2012. Variable dependiente: EnoP. Independientes: sociodemográficas, comportamientos sexuales y prácticas contraceptivas. Análisis bivariante, pruebas de chi2 y t de Student. Análisis multivariante mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 174 (29,8%) mujeres tuvieron un EnoP. El riesgo de EnoP aumentó en mujeres inmigrantes [OR: 2,858 (IC95%:1,808-4,519)], en las jóvenes con menor nivel de estudios (OR: 2,343 [IC95% 1,361-4,035]), en las que no utilizaron un método anticonceptivo seguro (todos menos el coitus interruptus) durante su primer coito (OR:3,043 (IC95% 1,900-4,875)], en las que manifestaron inconvenientes con el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos (OR: 2,092 [IC95% 1,267-3,454]) y en las que tuvieron asistencia irregular a la consulta (OR: 2,063 [IC95% 1,275-3,339]). No hubo relación con la edad (adolescentes/jóvenes). El modelo se consideró aceptable: Hosmer-Lemeshow no significativo y con un poder de discriminación del 77%. Conclusiones: Las variables predictoras de embarazo no planificado en mujeres jóvenes son: ser inmigrante, tener bajo nivel de estudios, no utilizar método anticonceptivo seguro durante el primer coito, manifestar inconvenientes con los métodos anticonceptivos y tener una asistencia irregular a la consulta de anticoncepción

Efectos en la percepción del clima motivacional generado por los entrenadores y compañeros sobre la diversión y el compromiso : diferencias en función de género

En el presente trabajo se describe la percepción del clima motivacional generado por el entrenador y por los compañeros en una muestra de deportistas jóvenes y se analizan las diferencias en función del género así como el efecto de los climas motivacionales en la diversión y el compromiso. 121 deportistas cadetes (39 chicas y 82 chicos) completaron las versiones españolas de los instrumentos de clima motivacional promovido por el entrenador, clima motivacional promovido por los compañeros y compromiso deportivo. Los resultados muestran que las chicas perciben climas motivacionales de implicación a la tarea significativamente más altos y de implicación al ego significativamente más bajos que los chicos tanto en el caso del generado por el entrenador como en el caso de los generados por los compañeros. Las deportistas se divierten significativamente más y están igualmente comprometidas con la práctica deportiva que los chicos. El principal predictor del compromiso es la generación de un clima de implicación a la tarea por parte de entrenadores y compañeros. En consecuencia cabría recomendar que los programas de intervención hagan especial hincapié en la generación de climas motivacionales de implicación a la tareaThis study describes the perception of the motivational climate created by coaches and teammates in a sample of young athletes; gender differences and the effect of motivational climates on enjoyment and commitment were analysed. 121 athletes with a mean age of 14.39 years (Mage= 14.39; SD= .96, 39 girls and 82 boys) completed the Spanish versions of the motivational climate instruments promoted by the coach, motivational climate promoted by teammates and commitment to sport. The results showed that girls perceived a significantly higher motivational climate related to task involvement and a significantly lower ego involvement than boys both in the case of the climate created by the coach as well as the climate created by teammates. Female athletes enjoyed themselves significantly more and were also significantly more committed to sports than boys. The main predictor of commitment was the creation of a climate of task involvement by coaches and teammates. As a result, it would be advisable for intervention programmes to lay particularly emphasis on creating motivational climates related to task involvemen

Multimode hybrid gold-silicon nanoantennas for tailored nanoscale optical confinement

High-index dielectric nanoantennas, which provide an interplay between electric and magnetic modes, have been widely used as building blocks for a variety of devices and metasurfaces, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Here, we investigate hybrid metal-semiconductor nanoantennas, consisting of a multimode silicon nanopillar core coated with a gold layer, that offer an enhanced degree of control over the mode selection and confinement, and emission of light on the nanoscale exploiting high-order electric and magnetic resonances. Cathodoluminescence spectra revealed a multitude of resonant modes supported by the nanoantennas due to hybridization of the Mie resonances of the core and the plasmonic resonances of the shell. Eigenmode analysis revealed the modes that exhibit enhanced field localization at the gold interface, together with high confinement within the nanopillar volume. Consequently, this architecture provides a flexible means of engineering nanoscale components with tailored optical modes and field confinement for a plethora of applications, including sensing, hot-electron photodetection and nanophotonics with cylindrical vector beams.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Urban Swarms: A new approach for autonomous waste management

Modern cities are growing ecosystems that face new challenges due to the increasing population demands. One of the many problems they face nowadays is waste management, which has become a pressing issue requiring new solutions. Swarm robotics systems have been attracting an increasing amount of attention in the past years and they are expected to become one of the main driving factors for innovation in the field of robotics. The research presented in this paper explores the feasibility of a swarm robotics system in an urban environment. By using bio-inspired foraging methods such as multi-place foraging and stigmergy-based navigation, a swarm of robots is able to improve the efficiency and autonomy of the urban waste management system in a realistic scenario. To achieve this, a diverse set of simulation experiments was conducted using real-world GIS data and implementing different garbage collection scenarios driven by robot swarms. Results presented in this research show that the proposed system outperforms current approaches. Moreover, results not only show the efficiency of our solution, but also give insights about how to design and customize these systems.Comment: Manuscript accepted for publication in IEEE ICRA 201

Indicadores de sustentabilidad como técnica de sensibilización de agricultores familiares en transición agroecológica en Distrito Federal, Brasil

Los indicadores de sustentabilidad son herramientas de fácil utilización por los agricultores y técnicos involucrados en el desarrollo rural. Así, ese trabajo tuvo por objetivo utilizar los indicadores de sustentabilidad cómo forma de discutir técnicas de manejo más sostenibles para la producción de hortalizas entre campesinos en Distrito Federal, Brasil. Por lo tanto, fueron utilizadas como herramientas los indicadores de sustentabilidad y las prácticas de uso de abonos verdes como estrategia para la diversificación. El uso de los indicadores en las unidades posibilitó identificar diferentes niveles de conservación y usos de recursos en los sistemas productivos. Fue posible introducir nuevas técnicas, como el uso de los abonos verdes y conceptos, como el de transición agroecológica y estrategias de conservación y diversificación que llevan al rediseño de la propiedad. Los agricultores reconocen la necesidad de cambio del sistema productivo actual para un modo más sostenible.The sustainability indicators are good tools for easy use by farmers and technicians involved in rural development. Thus, this study aimed to use these indicators as a way to discuss more sustainable techniques for vegetable production among farmers in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Therefore, were used the indicators of sustainability and practices of green manuring as a strategy for diversification. The use of indicators in these units enabled to identify different levels of conservation and resources use in that production systems. It was possible to introduce new techniques such as the use of green manure and concepts, such as agro-ecological transition and conservation strategies and diversification that leads to the redesign of these properties. Farmers recognize the need to change the current production system to a more sustainable way.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Differential regulation of the attachment of KSHV infected human B cells to ECM by KSHV encoded gB and cellular alpha-V integrins

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has two modes replication: latent and lytic replication. Reactivation from latency is dictated, in part, by the cell cycle. Herein, we have attempted to delineate the importance of cell cycle in KSHV pathogenesis by exploring the expression pattern of cell surface receptors during different phases of the cell cycle. αV integrin expression is augmented during S phase in fibroblasts, epithelial, and KSHV infected cells. Using a Matrigel system, we pioneer the concept that KSHV infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells can attach to extracellular matrix proteins. This attachment is mediated primarily via αV integrins or virally encoded gB, and occurs preferentially in cells from S phase or cells from S phase actively supporting a lytic infection, respectively. Such an ability of infected B cells to attach to endothelial cells may also aid in the dissemination of infection. The keystone of this work is that for the first time, we describe the ability of KSHV infected B cells to preferentially use cellular (αV) or viral (gB) receptors to specifically bind cells, depending upon the stage of the cell cycle and infection. Originally published Cellular Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 7, July 200

Selective terminal α2–3 and α2–6 sialylation of glycosphingolipids with lacto-series type 1 and 2 chains in human meconium

AbstractHuman meconium was found to contain two kinds of gangliosides with the same carbohydrate sequences belonging to the lacto-series. They were detected by TLC-immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies directed to the NeuAcα2–Gal and Lc4Cer structures. One of these two gangliosides, a major one, which migrated on TLC to a position below that of standard IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer from human erythrocytes, reacted with the antibody to NeuAcα2–6Gal. The other minor one, which migrated on TLC to a position corresponding to standard IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer, was detected with the antibody to Lc4Cer only when the plate, on which the individual gangliosides were separated, was subjected to prior treatment with Vibrio cholerae sialidase. The structures of the gangliosides, each identified by means of permethylation analysis and enzyme treatment after isolation with antibody monitoring, were shown to be IV6NeuAcnLc4Cer for the former and IV3NeuAcLc4Cer for the latter, indicating that the lacto-series type 2 (nLc4Cer) and 1 (Lc4Cer) chains are sialylated at different linkages, α2–6 and α2–3, respectively. IV6NeuAcLc4Cer and IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer were not detected, even in trace amounts, on TLC-immunostaining with the monoclonal antibodies. The concentrations of IV6NeuAcnLc4Cer and IV3NeuAcLc4Cer were 448 and 18 nmol/g dry wt of human meconium

Urban Swarms: A new approach for autonomous waste management

Modern cities are growing ecosystems that face new challenges due to the increasing population demands. One of the many problems they face nowadays is waste management, which has become a pressing issue requiring new solutions. Swarm robotics systems have been attracting an increasing amount of attention in the past years and they are expected to become one of the main driving factors for innovation in the field of robotics. The research presented in this paper explores the feasibility of a swarm robotics system in an urban environment. By using bio-inspired foraging methods such as multi-place foraging and stigmergy-based navigation, a swarm of robots is able to improve the efficiency and autonomy of the urban waste management system in a realistic scenario. To achieve this, a diverse set of simulation experiments was conducted using real-world GIS data and implementing different garbage collection scenarios driven by robot swarms. Results presented in this research show that the proposed system outperforms current approaches. Moreover, results not only show the efficiency of our solution, but also give insights about how to design and customize these systems

Post-Transplant Outcomes in High-Risk Compared with Non-High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: A CIBMTR Analysis.

Conventional cytogenetics and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identify high-risk multiple myeloma (HRM) populations characterized by poor outcomes. We analyzed these differences among HRM versus non-HRM populations after upfront autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT). Between 2008 and 2012, 715 patients with multiple myeloma identified by FISH and/or cytogenetic data with upfront autoHCT were identified in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. HRM was defined as del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), hypodiploidy (-Y) or chromosome 1 p and 1q abnormalities; all others were non-HRM. Among 125 HRM patients (17.5%), induction with bortezomib and immunomodulatory agents (imids) was higher compared with non-HRM (56% versus 43%, P \u3c .001) with similar pretransplant complete response (CR) rates (14% versus 16%, P .1). At day 100 post-transplant, at least a very good partial response was 59% in HRM and 61% in non-HRM (P = .6). More HRM patients received post-transplant therapy with bortezomib and imids (26% versus 12%, P = .004). Three-year post-transplant progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in HRM versus non-HRM were 37% versus 49% (P \u3c .001) and 72% versus 85% (P \u3c .001), respectively. At 3 years, PFS for HRM patients with and without post-transplant therapy was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33 to 59) versus 14% (95% CI, 4 to 29) and in non-HRM patients with and without post-transplant therapy 55% (95% CI, 49 to 62) versus 39% (95% CI, 32 to 47); rates of OS for HRM patients with and without post-transplant therapy were 81% (95% CI, 70 to 90) versus 48% (95% CI, 30 to 65) compared with 88% (95% CI, 84 to 92) and 79% (95% CI, 73 to 85) in non-HRM patients with and without post-transplant therapy, respectively. Among patients receiving post-transplant therapy, there was no difference in OS between HRM and non-HRM (P = .08). In addition to HRM, higher stage, less than a CR pretransplant, lack of post-transplant therapy, and African American race were associated with worse OS. In conclusion, we show HRM patients achieve similar day 100 post-transplant responses compared with non-HRM patients, but these responses are not sustained. Post-transplant therapy appeared to improve the poor outcomes of HRM

Visualization of Allostery in P-Selectin Lectin Domain Using MD Simulations

Allostery of P-selectin lectin (Lec) domain followed by an epithelial growth factor (EGF)-like domain is essential for its biological functionality, but the underlying pathways have not been well understood. Here the molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the crystallized structures to visualize the dynamic conformational change for state 1 (S1) or state 2 (S2) Lec domain with respective bent (B) or extended (E) EGF orientation. Simulations illustrated that both S1 and S2 conformations were unable to switch from one to another directly. Instead, a novel S1' conformation was observed from S1 when crystallized B-S1 or reconstructed “E-S1” structure was employed, which was superposed well with that of equilibrated S1 Lec domain alone. It was also indicated that the corresponding allosteric pathway from S1 to S1' conformation started with the separation between residues Q30 and K67 and terminated with the release of residue N87 from residue C109. These results provided an insight into understanding the structural transition and the structure-function relationship of P-selectin allostery