670-nm light treatment reduces complement propagation following retinal degeneration

AIM: Complement activation is associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to investigate whether 670-nm light treatment reduces the propagation of complement in a light-induced model of atrophic AMD. METHODS: Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with 9 J/cm(2) 670-nm light for 3 minutes daily over 5 days; other animals were sham treated. Animals were exposed to white light (1,000 lux) for 24 h, after which animals were kept in dim light (5 lux) for 7 days. Expression of complement genes was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. Counts were made of C3-expressing monocytes/microglia using in situ hybridization. Photoreceptor death was also assessed using outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness measurements, and oxidative stress using immunohistochemistry for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). RESULTS: Following light damage, retinas pretreated with 670-nm light had reduced immunoreactivity for the oxidative damage maker 4-HNE in the ONL and outer segments, compared to controls. In conjunction, there was significant reduction in retinal expression of complement genes C1s, C2, C3, C4b, C3aR1, and C5r1 following 670 nm treatment. In situ hybridization, coupled with immunoreactivity for the marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), revealed that C3 is expressed by infiltrating microglia/monocytes in subretinal space following light damage, which were significantly reduced in number after 670 nm treatment. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for C3 revealed a decrease in C3 deposition in the ONL following 670 nm treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that 670-nm light pretreatment reduces lipid peroxidation and complement propagation in the degenerating retina. These findings have relevance to the cellular events of complement activation underling the pathogenesis of AMD, and highlight the potential of 670-nm light as a non-invasive anti-inflammatory therapy

Investigation to the use of the addictive substances among the students of ege university via multidimensional scaling [Ege üniversitesi ögrencileri arasi{dotless}nda bagi{dotless}mli{dotless}li{dotless}k yapi{dotless}ci{dotless} madde kullani{dotless}mi{dotless}ni{dotless}n çok boyutlu ölçekleme yöntemiyle incelenmesi]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and other addictive sub-stance use and the relationship between risky substance use and personal traits in the students of Ege University. Methods: Eight hundred and thirty university students were included in this study. Addictive substance use and its relationship with the personal traits were evaluated by using TASUPQ (Tobacco, Alcohol and Substance Use Prevalence Questionnaire). Results: Multidimensional scaling analysis of the data indicated that risk-taking, feeling of insecurity, isolation, and anger were located together with age, and cigarette and alcohol use were located together according to three-dimensional Euclidean distance model. Those were more religious and those have high academic achievement were located away from excessive use of cigarette and alcohol. Excessive risk-taking, feeling of insecurity, isolation, anger and age were collected together and they were located with exces-sive cigarette and alcohol use in the same two-dimensional plane. Discussion: This study which was applied to the university students indicated that addictive substance use was located away from academic achievement and religiousness, and destructive behavior and feelings accompanied addictive substance use

Jugular bulb diverticula: Clinical and radiologic aspects

WOS: 000181727500011PubMed ID: 12646841OBJECTIVE. This study was performed to determine the clinical presentation of jugular diverticulum and its relevance with the extension of the lesion. STUDY DESIGN: The records and high-resolution CT scans of 1474 patients, With otologic symptoms or related clinical findings, were evaluated retrospectively. In 17 cases in which CT scans revealed the presence of jugular diverticulum, sensorineural symptoms were evaluated with respect to a reference line, perpendicular, to the basal turn of the cochlea and tangent to the vestibule in axial CT scan images. RESULTS: When the extension of jugular diverticulum was posterior to the reference line, sensorineural symptoms with vertigo were dominant in most patients (72.7%) in this group. On the other hand, for the patients with anterior-extending jugular diverticulum, sensorineural symptoms without vertigo were detected in 50% of patients, whereas 33.3% had sensorineural symptoms with vertigo. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a relationship between the extension of jugular diverticulum and clinical symptoms. However, this relationship lacks statistical evidence because of the limited number of patients