63 research outputs found
Anterior Hippocampus and Goal-Directed Spatial Decision Making
Contains fulltext :
115487.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access
A Therapeutic Antibody against West Nile Virus Neutralizes Infection by Blocking Fusion within Endosomes
Defining the precise cellular mechanisms of neutralization by potently inhibitory antibodies is important for understanding how the immune system successfully limits viral infections. We recently described a potently inhibitory monoclonal antibody (MAb E16) against the envelope (E) protein of West Nile virus (WNV) that neutralizes infection even after virus has spread to the central nervous system. Herein, we define its mechanism of inhibition. E16 blocks infection primarily at a post-attachment step as antibody-opsonized WNV enters permissive cells but cannot escape from endocytic compartments. These cellular experiments suggest that E16 blocks the acid-catalyzed fusion step that is required for nucleocapsid entry into the cytoplasm. Indeed, E16 directly inhibits fusion of WNV with liposomes. Additionally, low-pH exposure of E16–WNV complexes in the absence of target membranes did not fully inactivate infectious virus, further suggesting that E16 prevents a structural transition required for fusion. Thus, a strongly neutralizing anti–WNV MAb with therapeutic potential is potently inhibitory because it blocks viral fusion and thereby promotes clearance by delivering virus to the lysosome for destruction
The effect of operating parameters when ultrasonic contour machining
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:8019.322(RR--PNR--92189) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Recommended from our members
Filtered fluorescer x-ray detector
Recently, an instrument capable of measuring x-rays between 8 and 90 keV was conceived to help understand conditions pertaining to pulsed power research. This resulted in the development of a versatile device that would incrementally detect x-rays emitted at predetermined energy bands over this range. To accomplish this, an array of well characterized filter-fluorescer combinations were produced which would allow fluoresced x-rays to be observed by time resolved electro-optical devices. As many as sixteen channels could be utilized with each channel having a corresponding background channel. Upon completion of the device, a three week series of experiments was then successfully carried out
Recommended from our members
X-Ray-Spectroscopy of Astrophysically-Relevant Photoionized Iron Plasmas at Z
In order to provide benchmark data for models used to interpret X-ray astronomy data from newly-launched orbital telescopes such as Chandra, they have used 120 TW, 180 eV pinch plasmas on the Sandia Z facility to drive iron foils into X-ray photoionized equilibrium. The experiment was designed to achieve photoionization parameters characteristic of accretion-powered objects such as X-ray binaries (neutron stars) and active galactic nuclei (black holes). These objects comprise roughly half of observed X-ray sources, but the interpretation of their spectra is difficult: state-of-the-art models for photoionized iron plasmas do not yet agree on the expected ionization balance. In the initial experiments the foil samples consisted of 200 {angstrom} of iron codeposited with 300 {angstrom} of sodium fluoride and sandwiched between two 1000 {angstrom} layers of Lexan (CH and O). They characterized the pinch spectrum, temperature, power and uniformity and qualified it as a photoionization driver. They obtained time-integrated absorption spectra for the foil from 8 to 18 {angstrom} and identified spectral lines from O VIII, F IX, Na X and XI, and Fe XVII and XVIII, i.e. neon-line and fluorine-like iron. Time-resolved absorption and emission spectra for the foils were also obtained from 12.5 to 16 {angstrom}, and hydrogen-like F and neon-like and fluorine-like Fe were again observed in the 2 ns time window of interest. In subsequent ride along experiments they have developed a density diagnostic and measured the density via foil-expansion imaging at two locations. They conclude by discussing upcoming experiments at Z in which they plan to obtain a full data set of plasma density, temperature, and absorption and emission spectra for multiple photoionization equilibria
- …