Assessment and Evaluation of Soil Effect on Electrical Earth Resistance: A Case Study of Woji Area, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

The properties of different soil types that affect the resistance of a buried electrical earthing material were studied, with the objectives of achieving a lowest possible earthing resistance by enhancing the soil at the grounding site Soil conduction mechanism, general practical earthing electrodes were analysed using known techniques for electrical earth resistance measurement. In the area under test, there is indication of previous grounding installation and how good is the aim. Based on literature review, the soil samples obtained from the sites under enhanced conditions and unenhanced condition were analysed. It was observed that each soil sample had varying characteristics under different conditions at the installation site. In view of all the factors analysed, temperature had little effect on the electrical earth resistance, whereas soil structure, chemical constituent, and electrode depth are the major contributing factors that affect electrical earth resistance of a grounding system as seen from the general assessment. Specifically, soil sample A (very moist loam soil) showed a very low earth resistance of 75Ω with electrode depth of 0.38m (1.3ft), 62Ω at 0.76m (2.6ft), and at 1.14m (3.9ft) recorded resistance was 53.7Ω. Soil sample F (dry sandy soil) has the highest earth resistance, 2483Ω. In the area of optimization (when other compounds are mixed with natural soils combination) the optimized soil sample BCH (Loamy, clay + hydrogen peroxide mix) has the lowest resistance of 241Ω at depth of 1.14m (3.9ft). Sample BFH (Clay, dry sandy soil + hydrogen Peroxide) had a reading of 318Ω at a depth of 1.14m (3.9ft), whereas the biochar optimized sample BFW (Clay, dry sandy soil + wood char) showed a resistance of 366Ω at the same depth of 1.14m (3.9ft). The optimized samples showed that electrical conduction capacity of the soil was enhanced by hydrogen peroxide compared to that of biochar as seen from the result presented in Table 2, using fall of potential, etc., method conducted in the early morning hours of the day, when temperature is 26 ̊C

NSF 19-501 AccelNet Proposal: Community of Open Scholarship Grassroots Networks (COSGN)

The Community of Open Scholarship Grassroots Networks (COSGN), includes 120 grassroots networks, representing virtually every region of the world and every research discipline. These networks communicate and coordinate on topics of common interest. We propose, using an NSF 19-501 Full-Scale implementation grant, to formalize governance and coordination of the networks to maximize impact and establish standard practices for sustainability. In the project period, we will increase the capacity of COSGN to advance the research and community goals of the participating networks individually and collectively, and establish governance, succession planning, shared resources, andcommunication pathways to ensure an active, community-sustained network of networks. By the end of the project period, we will have established a self-sustaining network of networks that leverages disciplinary and regional diversity, actively collaborates across networks for grassroots organizing, and shares resources for maximum impact on culture change for open scholarship