34 research outputs found
The precision of axon targeting of mouse olfactory sensory neurons requires the BACE1 protease
The Ī²-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is necessary to generate the AĪ² peptide, which is implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Studies show that the expression of BACE1 and its protease activity are tightly regulated, but the physiological function of BACE1 remains poorly understood. Recently, numerous axon guidance proteins were identified as potential substrates of BACE1. Here, we examined the consequences of loss of BACE1 function in a well-defined in vivo model system of axon guidance, mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). The BACE1 protein resides predominantly in proximal segment and the termini of OSN axons, and the expression of BACE1 inversely correlates with odor-evoked neural activity. The precision of targeting of OSN axons is disturbed in both BACE1 null and, surprisingly, in BACE1 heterozygous mice. We propose that BACE1 cleavage of axon guidance proteins is essential to maintain the connectivity of OSNs in vivo
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and tympanoplasty surgical outcome: is there a relationship?
Post WISC-R and TOVA Improvement with QEEG Guided Neurofeedback Training in Mentally Retarded: A Clinical Case Series of Behavioral Problems
The Asilomar Survey: Stakeholders' opinions on ethical issues related to brain-computer onterfacing
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99757.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research and (future) applications raise important ethical issues that need to be addressed to promote societal acceptance and adequate policies. Here we report on a survey we conducted among 145 BCI researchers at the 4th International BCI conference, which took place in MayāJune 2010 in Asilomar, California. We assessed respondentsā opinions about a number of topics. First, we investigated preferences for terminology and definitions relating to BCIs. Second, we assessed respondentsā expectations on the marketability of different BCI applications (BCIs for healthy people, BCIs for assistive technology, BCIs-controlled neuroprostheses and BCIs as therapy tools). Third, we investigated opinions about ethical issues related to BCI research for the development of assistive technology: informed consent process with locked-in patients, risk-benefit analyses, team responsibility, consequences of BCI on patientsā and familiesā lives, liability and personal identity and interaction with the media. Finally, we asked respondents which issues are urgent in BCI research.38 p