The effect of sugar mill effluent on seed germination of green gram (Vigna radiatia L.)

Sugar industry is an agro-based industry in India which released lot of effluent into the environment during sugar production. The formers used this effluent in agriculture for scarcity of water. The effluent contained large amount of organic and inorganic materials which affects the water, soil and living organisms especially plants. The present study was the analysis of sugar mill effluent and different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%)  of sugar mill effluent effects on germination and growth development of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). As a result the lower concentration (10%) of sugar mill effluent promoted the germination and growth of the seedlings but higher concentrations of sugar mill effluent inhibited the germination and growth of the green gram seedlings. The lower concentration of effluent contained may be better nutrients of plant which used for irrigation purposed for high growth and yield

Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants in Thudaripettai Village, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India

The medicinal plants have received more attention among researchers to treat various diseases and disorders. This study was aimed to record the various medicinal plants present in Thudaripettai Village situated in Tharangambadi Taluk, Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. A total of 60 plant species belonging to 35 families were reported with their medicinal values. These results will provide information about medicinal plants and methods of utilization of these plants to cure various diseases of mankind. Survey of the information of medicinal plants used by the villagers were collected and arranged alphabetically followed by common name, vernacular name, family name, parts of use, methods of uses, medicinal uses and their habit. The information is very much useful for further research which will lead to the discovery of new bioactive compounds from the above medicinal plants

1-(2-Bromo­acet­yl)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C20H20BrNO2, the piperidone ring adopts a boat conformation. The phenyl rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 97.8 (2) and 96.0 (1)° with respect to the best plane through the piperidine ring. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 49.7 (1)°. In the crystal, bifurcated C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form a R 2 1(7) ring motif, linking the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Ethyl 4-hy­droxy-2,6-diphenyl-1-(2-thio­morpholino­acet­yl)-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C26H30N2O4S, the thio­morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation whereas the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring is in a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 33.3 (2)°. A strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a ribbon-like structure propagating along the a axis

Naïve Bayesian Classification Based Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix Method

Brain tumors vary widely in size and form, making detection and diagnosis difficult. This study's main aim is to identify abnormal brain images., classify them from normal brain images, and then segment the tumor areas from the categorised brain images. In this study, we offer a technique based on the Nave Bayesian classification approach that can efficiently identify and segment brain tumors. Noises are identified and filtered out during the preprocessing phase of tumor identification. After preprocessing the brain image, GLCM and probabilistic properties are extracted. Naive Bayesian classifier is then used to train and label the retrieved features. When the tumors in a brain picture have been categorised, the watershed segmentation approach is used to isolate the tumors. This paper's brain pictures are from the BRATS 2015 data collection. The suggested approach has a classification rate of 99.2% for MR pictures of normal brain tissue and a rate of 97.3% for MR images of aberrant Glioma brain tissue. In this study, we provide a strategy for detecting and segmenting tumors that has a 97.54% Probability of Detection (POD), a 92.18% Probability of False Detection (POFD), a 98.17% Critical Success Index (CSI), and a 98.55% Percentage of Corrects (PC). The recommended Glioma brain tumour detection technique outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches in POD, POFD, CSI, and PC because it can identify tumour locations in abnormal brain images

Ethyl 1-[2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)acet­yl]-4-hy­droxy-2,6-diphenyl-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C28H26N4O4, the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring adopts a boat conformation. The two phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 88.64 (8) and 59.28 (10)° with the best plane through the tetra­hydro­pyridine ring. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 82.55 (10)°. The benzotriazole ring system is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.009 (1) Å from the least-squares plane. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) motif

Dimethyl 2-(3-chloro­phen­yl)-6-hy­droxy-6-methyl-4-(methyl­amino)­cyclo­hex-3-ene-1,3-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C18H22ClNO5, the cyclo­hexene ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by pairs of intra­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­actions, generating S(6) motifs. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming centrosymmetric dimers

Ethyl 4-hy­droxy-2,6-diphenyl-1-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)acet­yl]-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyridine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C27H32N2O4, the piperidine and tetra­hydro­pyridine rings adopt chair and half-chair conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 32.9 (1)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) motif. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions form a ribbon-like structure along the a axis

r-2,c-6-Bis(2-methoxy­phen­yl)-t-3,t-5-dimethyl­piperidin-4-one acetic acid solvate

In the title compound, C21H25NO3·C2H4O2, the piperidone ring adopts a chair conformation. The two meth­oxy groups are nearly coplanar with the aromatic rings to which they are attached. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 60.9 (2)°. There are two short intra­molecular N—H⋯O contacts. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Understanding Lignin-Degrading Reactions of Ligninolytic Enzymes: Binding Affinity and Interactional Profile

Previous works have demonstrated that ligninolytic enzymes mediated effective degradation of lignin wastes. The degrading ability greatly relied on the interactions of ligninolytic enzymes with lignin. Ligninolytic enzymes mainly contain laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). In the present study, the binding modes of lignin to Lac, LiP and MnP were systematically determined, respectively. Robustness of these modes was further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Residues GLU460, PRO346 and SER113 in Lac, residues ARG43, ALA180 and ASP183 in LiP and residues ARG42, HIS173 and ARG177 in MnP were most crucial in binding of lignin, respectively. Interactional analyses showed hydrophobic contacts were most abundant, playing an important role in the determination of substrate specificity. This information is an important contribution to the details of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the process of lignin biodegradation, which can be used as references for designing enzyme mutants with a better lignin-degrading activity