Effective Flange Width for Composite Steel Beams

The effective flange width is a concept proposed by various codes to simplify the computation of stress distribution across the width of composite beams. Questions have been raised as to the validity of the effective slab width provisions, since they have a direct effect on the computed ultimate moment as well as serviceability limit states such as deflection, fatigue, and overloading. The objective of this paper is to present results from an experimental and analytical investigation to determine the effective slab width in steel composite beams. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed for the analysis of composite steel-concrete beams having variable concrete flange widths. Results were compared to those from tests performed on eight beams loaded to failure. Beam test specimens had variable flange width and various degrees of composite action (shear connectors). The comparison presented in terms of the applied load versus deflection, and strain in the concrete slab show that the AISC-LRFD code is conservative and underestimates the width active. Based on a detailed parametric study an equation for the calculation of the effective flange width is recommended

Influence of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 genotype and shared epitope on clinical characteristics and autoantibody profile of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that distinction of subsets of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depending on anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) status may be helpful in distinguishing distinct aetiopathologies and in predicting the course of disease. HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) genotype, both of which have been implicated in anti-CCP generation, are assumed to be associated with RA. Objectives: To elucidate whether PADI4 affects the clinical characteristics of RA, and whether it would modulate the effect of anti-CCPs on clinical course. The combined effect of SE and PADI4 on autoantibody profile was also analysed. Methods: 373 patients with RA were studied. SE, padi4_94C.T, rheumatoid factor, anti-CCPs and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were determined. Disease severity was characterised by cumulative therapy intensity classified into ordinal categories (CTI-1 to CTI-3) and by Steinbrocker score. Results: CTI was significantly associated with disease duration, erosive disease, disease activity score (DAS) 28 and anti-CCPs. The association of anti-CCPs with CTI was considerably influenced by padi4_94C.T genotype (C/C: ORadj=0.93, padj=0.92; C/T: ORadj=2.92, padj=0.093; T/T: ORadj=15.3, padj=0.002). Carriage of padi4_94T exhibited a significant trend towards higher Steinbrocker scores in univariate and multivariate analyses. An association of padi4_94C.T with ANAs was observed, with noteworthy differences depending on SE status (SE2: ORadj=6.20, padj,0.04; SE+: ORadj=0.36, padj=0.02) and significant heterogeneity between the two SE strata (p=0.006). Conclusions: PADI4 genotype in combination with anti- CCPs and SE modulates clinical and serological characteristics of RA

Sugar Alcohols Have a Key Role in Pathogenesis of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Whole Blood and Liver Tissues.

The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are hepatitis C and B viral infections that proceed to Chronic Liver Disease (CLD). Yet, the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC are challenging because the pathogenesis of HCC is not fully defined. To better understand the onset and development of HCC, untargeted GC-TOF MS metabolomics data were acquired from resected human HCC tissues and their paired non-tumor hepatic tissues (n = 46). Blood samples of the same HCC subjects (n = 23) were compared to CLD (n = 15) and healthy control (n = 15) blood samples. The participants were recruited from the National Liver Institute in Egypt. The GC-TOF MS data yielded 194 structurally annotated compounds. The most strikingly significant alteration was found for the class of sugar alcohols that were up-regulated in blood of HCC patients compared to CLD subjects (p < 2.4 × 10-12) and CLD compared to healthy controls (p = 4.1 × 10-7). In HCC tissues, sugar alcohols were the most significant (p < 1 × 10-6) class differentiating resected HCC tissues from non-malignant hepatic tissues for all HCC patients. Alteration of sugar alcohol levels in liver tissues also defined early-stage HCC from their paired non-malignant hepatic tissues (p = 2.7 × 10-6). In blood, sugar alcohols differentiated HCC from CLD subjects with an ROC-curve of 0.875 compared to 0.685 for the classic HCC biomarker alpha-fetoprotein. Blood sugar alcohol levels steadily increased from healthy controls to CLD to early stages of HCC and finally, to late-stage HCC patients. The increase in sugar alcohol levels indicates a role of aldo-keto reductases in the pathogenesis of HCC, possibly opening novel diagnostic and therapeutic options after in-depth validation

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dalam Penentuan Pertukaran Pelajar di SMA Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp)

SMAN 2 Tasikmalaya adalah salah satu sekolah yang terpilih sebagai mitra Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dalam program pertukaran pelajar ke Australia. Dalam proses pemilihan dan penilaian peserta saat ini masih belum efektif ,hal ini mengakibatkan keraguan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang memungkinkan terjadi kesalahan keputusan yang kurang tepat. Peserta yang terpilih kadang jauh dari yang diharapkan karena peserta tersebut tidak memiliki kriteria yang layak. Maka dari itu diperlukan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang bisa mengoptimalkan dalam penentuan pertukaran pelajar. dalam sistem pendukung keputusan ini didukung oleh suatu metode dalam pengambilan keputusan yaitu metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) yang dikonversikan kedalam bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic.NET yang dapat menunjang dalam pengolahan data. alat bantu pemodelan sistemnya menggunakan Data Flow Diagram (DFD), sedangkan teknik perancangan basisdata menggunakan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). Adapun Kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh sekolah diantaranya : Nilai Toefl, Ranking, Nilai Wawancara, Nilai Pengetahuan Indonesia, Nilai Pengetahuan Australia, Nilai Kesenian, Nilai Kepribadian. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa sistem pendukung keputusan dalam penentuan pertukaran pelajar di SMA Negeri 2 tasikmalaya dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dapat membantu pengambil keputusan dalam menentukan peserta yang terpilih

"Magnetoscan": A Modified Hall Probe Scanning Technique for the Detection of Inhomogeneities in Bulk High Temperature Superconductors

We present a novel technique for the investigation of local variations of the critical current density in large bulk superconductors. In contrast to the usual Hall probe scanning technique, the sample is not magnetized as a whole before the scan, but locally by a small permanent magnet, which is fixed near the Hall probe, during the scanning process. The resulting signal can be interpreted as a qualitative measure of the local shielding currents flowing at the surface.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Effect of prenatal exposure to bisphenol a on the vagina of albino rats: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an industrial chemical, used to manufacture polycarbonate and numerous plastic articles. It has been found to cause biological effects, mimic that of oestrogen. It belongs to a group of chemicals termed “endocrine disruptors” able to disrupt the chemical messenger system in the body. Aim of the study was to demonstrate the biological effects of BPA on the vagina of female rats, with the prediction of the neoplastic changes in relation to its potential impact. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley gravid dams were divided into three groups (10 per group): G1 — control group had an equivalent volume of sesame oil to that taken in the treated groups, G2 — group was administered by gavage 0.1 mg BPA/kg body weight (low-dose group) per day, and G3 — group was administered 50 mg BPA/kg body weight (high-dose group) per day, dissolved in sesame oil. Treatment was carried out on gestation days 10 through 20. The female offsprings of each group were weaned at day 21 and the vagina was dissected when became 3 months old for histological, immunohistochemical analysis (for detection of oestrogen receptors a [ERa], and the proliferation marker Ki-67), and ultrastructural study. Results: The low dose group showed degeneration of the epithelial lining with focal patches of decreased epithelial layers. The high dose group revealed cytoplasmic hydropic degeneration, and the pyknotic nuclei of epithelial cells. Oestrogen receptors demonstrated a significant decrease of positive cells in low dose treated group and this decrease markedly accentuated in the high dose one. Positive nuclei for Ki-67 were markedly increased with increasing doses of BPA. Electron microscopic study revealed cytoplasmic degeneration, vacuolation and mitochondrial degeneration in both treated groups. Conclusions: BPA showed an obvious mix of degenerative and proliferative histological changes and clear damage of the cellular organelles. This stressful condition may predispose to neoplastic changes of the vagina.

Direct observation of substitutional Ga after ion implantation in Ge by means of extended x-ray absorption fine structure

We present an experimental lattice location study of Ga atoms in Ge after ion implantation at elevated temperature (250°C). Using extended x-rayabsorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments and a dedicated sample preparation method, we have studied the lattice location of Ga atoms in Ge with a concentration ranging from 0.5 at. % down to 0.005 at. %. At Ga concentrations ≤0.05 at.%, all Ga dopants are substitutional directly after ion implantation, without the need for post-implantation thermal annealing. At higher Ga concentrations, a reduction in the EXAFS amplitude is observed, indicating that a fraction of the Ga atoms is located in a defective environment. The local strain induced by the Ga atoms in the Ge matrix is independent of the Ga concentration and extends only to the first nearest neighbor Ge shell, where a 1% contraction in bond length has been measured, in agreement with density functional theory calculations.We acknowledge the support from the Research Foundation Flanders, the epi-team from imec, the KU Leuven GOA 09/06 project, the IUAP program P6/42 and the Australian Research Council. S.C. acknowledges support from OCAS NV by an OCAS-endowed chair at Ghent University

Karakteristik Tenaga Kerja Pelaku Mobilitas Sirkuler di Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara

This research aims to study the characteristics of circular mobility labor actors in Sub-district of Kalawat and what the encouraging and binding factors that affect labor circular mobility. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The variables used in this study is the characteristics of respondents, the reason for doing the circular mobility, factors that encourage circular mobility, and the binding factor in the area of origin. Data analysis techniques in this research is descriptive and data presented in table format.The results of this study indicate that there is a dominant factor driving of labor force in the Sub-district of Kalawat to do circular mobility such as: education, transportation, and mileage. While the factors that bind labor circular mobility to remain in the Sub-district of Kalawat is the status of home ownership and living expenses