How do patients' clinical phenotype and the physiological mechanisms of the operations impact the choice of bariatric procedure?

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective option for the treatment of morbid obesity and its associated comorbidities. Recent clinical and experimental findings have challenged the role of mechanical restriction and caloric malabsorption as the main mechanisms for weight loss and health benefits. Instead, other mechanisms including increased levels of satiety gut hormones, altered gut microbiota, changes in bile acid metabolism, and/or energy expenditure have been proposed as explanations for benefits of bariatric surgery. Beside the standard proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch, where parts of the small intestine are excluded from contact with nutrients, resectional techniques like the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have recently been added to the armory of bariatric surgeons. The variation of weight loss and glycemic control is vast between but also within different bariatric operations. We surveyed members of the Swiss Society for the Study of Morbid Obesity and Metabolic Disorders to assess the extent to which the phenotype of patients influences the choice of bariatric procedure. Swiss bariatric surgeons preferred Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and SG for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and patients with a body mass index >50 kg/m(2), which is consistent with the literature. An SG was preferred in patients with a high anesthetic risk or previous laparotomy. The surgeons' own experience was a major determinant as there is little evidence in the literature for this approach. Although trends will come and go, evidence-based medicine requires a rigorous examination of the proof to inform clinical practice

Chemistry of the CO dimer at low temperatures

Researchers conducted a series of experiments on the chlorine-catalyzed photodecomposition of O sub 3 both in the gas and in inert solvents such as CF sub 4 and CO sub 2 in the temperature range about 190 to 225 K. The liquid medium was chosen in order to minimize possible surface loss of long-lived ClO dimer, and to aid in the stabilization of transient excited intermediates. The mechanism of dimer formation was as follows: (1) Cl sub 2 + hv yields Cl + Cl; (2) Cl + O sub 3 yields ClO + O sub 2; (3) ClO + ClO yields Cl sub 2 O sub 2. The experiments were done in cooled low temperature cells, with irradiation from an Osram high pressure mercury arc, filtered to remove radiation below 325 nm. Spectral analysis was by means of a Cary Model 2200 UV spectrometer. The principal objectives were: (1) to determine the lifetime of the dimer as a function of temperature; (2) to observe spectral changes in the mixtures which could be attributed to dimer or related products; and (3) to observe chemical or photochemical reactions of the dimer

National Autism Indicators Report: Vocational Rehabilitation 2016

Employment is about more than simply earning a paycheck - it influences quality of life, independence, and wellness. Historically, employment outcomes for adults with autism are poor. The U.S. Vocational Rehabilitation system (VR) is designed to provide support to states for implementation of services to assist people with disabilities to prepare for, find, and keep employment. VR data allow us to examine some outcomes for those with autism compared to their peers.To make a difference, research must reach those who need it. The National Autism Indicators Report series presents our research findings in a clearly communicated, open-access, online format to speed the delivery of information to decision-makers while maintaining very high standards of scientific credibility

The Wide-field High-resolution Infrared TElescope (WHITE)

The Wide-field High-resolution Infrared TElescope (WHITE) will be dedicated in the first years of its life to carrying out a few (well focused in terms of science objectives and time) legacy surveys. WHITE would have an angular resolution of ~0.3'' homogeneous over ~0.7 sq. deg. in the wavelength range 1 - 5 um, which means that we will very efficiently use all the available observational time during night time and day time. Moreover, the deepest observations will be performed by summing up shorter individual frames. We will have a temporal information that can be used to study variable objects. The three key science objectives of WHITE are : 1) A complete survey of the Magellanic Clouds to make a complete census of young stellar objects in the clouds and in the bridge and to study their star formation history and the link with the Milky Way. The interaction of the two clouds with our Galaxy might the closest example of a minor merging event that could be the main driver of galaxy evolution in the last 5 Gyrs. 2) The building of the first sample of dusty supernovae at z<1.2 in the near infrared range (1-5 um) to constrain the equation of state from these obscured objects, study the formation of dust in galaxies and build the first high resolution sample of high redshift galaxies observed in their optical frame 3) A very wide weak lensing survey over that would allow to estimate the equation of state in a way that would favourably compete with space projects.Comment: Invited talk to the 2nd ARENA Conference : "The Astrophysical Science Cases at Dome C" Potsdam 17-21 September, 200

Efficient sorting of Bessel beams

We demonstrate the efficient sorter of Bessel beams separating both the azimuthal and radial components. This is based upon the recently reported transformation of angular to transverse momentum states. We separately identify over forty azimuthal and radial components, with a radial spacing of 1588 m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, and outline how the device could be used to identify the two spatial dimensions simultaneously

Scattering by a toroidal coil

In this paper we consider the Schr\"odinger operator in ${\mathbb R}^3$ with a long-range magnetic potential associated to a magnetic field supported inside a torus ${\mathbb{T}}$. Using the scheme of smooth perturbations we construct stationary modified wave operators and the corresponding scattering matrix $S(\lambda)$. We prove that the essential spectrum of $S(\lambda)$ is an interval of the unit circle depending only on the magnetic flux $\phi$ across the section of $\mathbb{T}$. Additionally we show that, in contrast to the Aharonov-Bohm potential in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$, the total scattering cross-section is always finite. We also conjecture that the case treated here is a typical example in dimension 3.Comment: LaTeX2e 17 pages, 1 figur

National Autism Indicators Report: Transition into Young Adulthood

There is very little research published concerning how people with autism do in the adult portion of their lifespans. We analyzed data from "The National Longitudinal Transition Study-2" and "The Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services" to examine the service needs and life outcomes of adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum. This report describes the prevalence of a wide variety of indicators related to transition planning, services access, unmet needs, employment, postsecondary education, living arrangements, social participation, and safety and risk

Trionic and quartetting phases in one-dimensional multicomponent ultracold fermions

We investigate the possible formation of a molecular condensate, which might be, for instance, the analogue of the alpha condensate of nuclear physics, in the context of multicomponent cold atoms fermionic systems. A simple paradigmatic model of N-component fermions with contact interactions loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied by means of low-energy and numerical approaches. For attractive interaction, a quasi-long-range molecular superfluid phase, formed from bound-states made of N fermions, emerges at low density. We show that trionic and quartetting phases, respectively for N=3,4, extend in a large domain of the phase diagram and are robust against small symmetry-breaking perturbations.Comment: Contribution to the SOTANCP 2008 worksho