INVESTIGATIONS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIA WITH GASTROINTESTINAL RELEVANCE

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate antibacterial potential and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Argemone Mexicana.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of various extracts of A. Mexicana were analysed by using agar well disc diffusion method.Results: The ethanolic and methanolic extracst of A. mexicana had showed significant antimicrobial activity. Similar result was not observed in other four extracts. The higher content of reducing sugar, flavanoids, tannin, sterol, terpene and alkaloid were found in all the extracts of A. Mexicana are comparable with Amoxicillin.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that A. mexicana is a potential source of antimicrobial and thus could prevent many diseases. Keywords: A. mexicana, Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemical analysis, Infectious diseases, Medicinal plants and Plant extract

Ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal response of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 to Lobophora variegata Lamouroux, 1817 from Tuticorin coast, Gulf of Mannar, India

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mosquito ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal efficacy of hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of, Lobophora variegata against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi. Among the five extract tested, the methanol extract was notable, which attained the 100 percent mortality at the concentration of 200.0 ppm and the hatchability rate ranged from 71.3 to 36.3 percent. In laboratory oviposition deterrent test, the extract of L. variegata greatly reduced the number of eggs deposited by gravid An. stephensi. The maximum and significant diminished fecundity in An. stephensi was observed with methanol extract which caused 76.15­–97.69% effective deterrence. Larvicidal response of An. stephensi was more susceptible in methanol extract. The LC50 ­value of methanol extract was 61.63 ppm and the Chi-square value were significant at p<0.05 level. It is concluded, that the extract of L. variegata could be used in control of malarial vector An. stephensi

Natural Tragedy Commendation Hasty Alert Using Tweet Events Over Distributed Processing Framework

An Event processing is the scheme of streams that related with information (data) about things that happen (events), and deriving a conclusion from tweet in real time. Twitter is a social network platform that consists of billions of users all over the world where people collaborate and Share information related to real world events. An important characteristic of Twitter is its real-time nature and also investigate the real-time interaction of events such as cyclones in Twitter and propose a framework to monitor tweets to detect a target event. These large scales tweet data processing are done by placing those tweet events in a distributed system. The server processes the tweet queue and executes the operations based on it. An devise classifier of tweets based on features such as the keywords in a tweet, the number of character, the number of words, and their context. The status update which almost pinpoints what is happening in and around an individual user and also tracks the user location. This small content with real world information when processed with some statistical tool may assist us to predict a live occurring event (e.g. cyclone) and regard each twitter user as a feeler and apply particle filtering, which are widely used for location estimation. Tweet in the message queue is done by Apache Kafka which is a distributed publish-subscribe messaging queue system. These frameworks will parallelize our computations over a cluster of machines

A Systematic Review of Postoperative Pain Outcome Measurements Utilised in Regional Anesthesia Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction. Regional anesthesia is a rapidly growing subspecialty. There are few published meta-analyses exploring pain outcome measures utilised in regional anesthesia randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which may be due to heterogeneity in outcomes assessed. This systematic review explores postoperative pain outcomes utilised in regional anesthesia RCTs. Methods. A literature search was performed using three databases (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL). Regional anesthesia RCTs with postoperative pain as a primary outcome were included if written in English and published in one of the top 20 impact factor journals between 2005 and 2017. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Results. From the 31 included articles, 15 different outcome measures in total were used to assess postoperative pain. The most commonly (16/31) used outcome measures were verbal numerical grading of pain out of 10, total opioid consumption, and visual analogue scale 10 cm (VAS). The need for analgesia was used as an outcome measure where studies did not use a pain rating score. Ten studies reported pain scores on activity and 27/31 studies utilised ≥2 pain outcomes. Time of measurement of pain score also varied with a total of 51 different time points used in total. Conclusion. Analysis of the articles demonstrated heterogeneity and inconsistency in choice of pain outcome and time of measurement within regional anesthesia studies. Identification of these pain outcomes utilised can help to create a definitive list of core outcomes, which may guide future researchers when designing such studies

Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Normative Data for Older Adults

Objective Provide updated older adult (ages 60+) normative data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Form A, using regression techniques, and corrected for education, age, and gender. Method Participants (aged 60–93 years; N = 415) were recruited through the Healthy Ageing Research Program (HARP), University of Western Australia, and completed Form A of the RBANS as part of a wider neuropsychological test battery. Regression-based techniques were used to generate normative data rather than means-based methods. This methodology allows for the control of demographic variables using continuous data. To develop norms, the data were assessed for: (1) normality; (2) associations between each subtest score and age, education, and gender; (3) the effect of age, education, and gender on subtest scores; and (4) residual scores which were converted to percentile distributions. Results Differences were noted between the three samples, some of which were small and may not represent a clinically meaningful difference. Younger age, more years of education, and female gender were associated with better scores on most subtests. Frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations were produced using unstandardized residual scores to remove the effects of age, education, and gender. Conclusions These normative data expand upon past work by using regression-based techniques to generate norms, presenting percentiles, as well as means and standard deviations, correcting for the effect of gender, and providing a free-to-use Excel macro to calculate percentiles

The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance

Accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial resistance has deepened the need for discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides have clear advantages over conventional antibiotics which include slower emergence of resistance, broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity, and the ability to favourably modulate the host immune response. Broad bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides offers an additional tool to expand knowledge about the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Structural and functional limitations, combined with a stricter regulatory environment, have hampered the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides as potential therapeutic agents. Existing computational and experimental tools attempt to ease the preclinical and clinical development of antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutics. This Review identifies the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of using antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant pathogens, highlights advances in the deployment of novel promising antimicrobial peptides, and underlines the needs and priorities in designing focused development strategies taking into account the most advanced tools available. © 2020 Elsevier Lt