GUGGULU BASED KAHARASUTRA IN THE TREATMENT OF BHAGANDARA (FISTULA-IN-ANO): CASE REPORT

A standard Ksharasutra is practiced in treatment of Bhagandar (fistula-in-ano) with high success rate and minimum recurrence rate. In previous research it was noted that Pittaj prakruti patients sometime might cause more perianal irritation due to Apamarga Ksharasutra. So in this study Guggulu based Ksharasutra was prepared by Apamarga Kshara (Ash of Achyranthes aspera Linn.), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) and turmeric powder (Curcuma longa Linn.). This Ksharasutra was prepared as per the API guidelines and preserved in air tight tube. A patient of Pittaj predominant Prakruti with fistula-in-ano having two external opening at 6 and 7 o clock position of anus was treated with application of Ksharasutra. The Guggulu based Ksharasutra was applied in these two opening under spinal anesthesia. Then Ksharasutra was changed by weekly interval under local xylocaine jelly 2%. The length of thread was measured weekly and noted in the case to assess the unit cutting time (UCT). The unit cutting time (UCT) of first thread was 7.5 days/cm and second one had UCT 6.8 days/cm. During the treatment patient was doing his job regularly without hampering the quality of life. After 2 months patient was free from all symptoms of fistula with normal scar and without any complications. This case study demonstrated the utility of Guggulu based Kaharasutra in multiple fistula-in ano

A cross sectional study on willingness and acceptabily: PPIUCD by primipara mothers at a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu

Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device is a postpartum family planning method which provides spacing to the next pregnancy and also it helps to avoid unwanted / unintended pregnancy during postpartum period. Our aim was to study the willingness and acceptability of Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among primi paraous women and compare them as a factor of route of insertion (vaginal versus caesarean).Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was done in a tertiary care teaching institution to know the willingness and acceptance among primi paraous delivery (either vaginal and caesarean deliveries) for the period of three months using the hospital records that a total number of 587 primi paraous deliveries and among them 433 mothers had Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device over the three months period, were taken as a secondary data and studied for their willingness and acceptance for Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device.Results: 82.8 % of primi paraous women were showing willingness for Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device and 73.8 % of them had Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertions were more in caesarean deliveries than in vaginal deliveries of mothers with one child.Conclusions: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device is a strong weapon in the family planning and should be encouraged in both vaginal and caesarean deliveries. The acceptability of Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device in women with one child was effective and statistically significant at p value is < 0.05

A cross sectional study on willingness and acceptance of postpartum sterilization by mothers at a tertiary hospital

Background: India was the first country in the world to launch the Family Planning Programme in 1951. Despite this fact, India still lags behind in practicing contraception and limiting family size. Even though various measures for encouraging the usage of contraception have been taken up, the achievement in this field is not up to the expectation due to various social and cultural factors. The aim of our study is to estimate the prevalence of awareness, willingness and acceptance of postpartum sterilization among mothers who delivered with two and more children before discharge at a tertiary hospital.Methods: It is a cross sectional study using the survey data on uncovered mothers who are discharged without accepting sterilization and mothers who underwent sterilization in a tertiary hospital.Results: Total number of mothers with 2 and more living children was 231. All the mothers were aware of female sterilization method. Only 38.5% mothers underwent sterilization. 66.9% of mothers stated willingness for sterilization but not done among the uncovered mothers with 2 and more children. This disparity was due to various medical reasons (pediatric opinion 57.7%, anesthetist opinion 0.7%, not treated within 7 days of delivery 8.5%).Conclusions: In our study, the awareness of female sterilization in women was 100%. 79.6% of them were willing for sterilization. Women willing for sterilization were more in caesarean section (45.4%) than in women who delivered vaginally (34.2%)

Primate Primordial Germ Cells Acquire Transplantation Potential by Carnegie Stage 23.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the earliest embryonic progenitors in the germline. Correct formation of PGCs is critical to reproductive health as an adult. Recent work has shown that primate PGCs can be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells; however, a bioassay that supports their identity as transplantable germ cells has not been reported. Here, we adopted a xenotransplantation assay by transplanting single-cell suspensions of human and nonhuman primate embryonic Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) testes containing PGCs into the seminiferous tubules of adult busulfan-treated nude mice. We discovered that both human and nonhuman primate embryonic testis are xenotransplantable, generating colonies while not generating tumors. Taken together, this work provides two critical references (molecular and functional) for defining transplantable primate PGCs. These results provide a blueprint for differentiating pluripotent stem cells to transplantable PGC-like cells in a species that is amenable to transplantation and fertility studies

Demographic and clinical analysis of post sterilization failure cases in a tertiary care hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The most common permanent method of family planning accepted in India is female tubal sterilization as it has a very low failure rate of 0.1- 0.8% in the first year and over all pregnancy chances of 1 in 200. It can be done by open method but laparoscopic method has now gained wide popularity.Methods: Ours was a retrospective study of post female sterilization failure cases admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital within a 10 year time period between April 2007 and March 2017.Results: Over a decade we had 134 post sterilization failures. 71 patients presented with intrauterine pregnancy whereas 63 presented as ectopic pregnancy following sterilization. Majority of patients belonged to 26-30 year age group and the median age was 28 years. 40.3% ectopic presented at 5-6 weeks gestational age. Over 90% of sterilization failures were done by open method and around 35.8% were done during caesarean section. Around 65.0 % sterilization failures were seen within 5 years of sterilization but 2 patients presented as late as 17 years post sterilization. In four cases (3%) failure was due to improper surgical procedure.Conclusions: Female sterilization may result in failure even after years of sterilization. In the present study, pregnancy after sterilization is higher in the youngest age group (15-30) years than for the age group (31-35) years and stabilized in the oldest age group (36-49) years. Open sterilization had a higher failure rate than laparoscopic sterilization. The most common mode of sterilization failure was intrauterine pregnancy than the ectopic pregnancy and it was almost equal to each other. Therefore, patients undergoing sterilization must be counselled about chances of failure; even though it is a permanent method, and to consult immediately if missed period else at a later stage they may go in for rupture ectopic leading to high maternal morbidity and mortality

KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR RELATED TO KALA-AZAR IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF EAST CHAMPARAN DISTRICT, BIHAR

  Objective: To find out the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and health seeking behavior related to KA in the East Champaran district, Bihar among study subject.Methods: A case-control study was conducted to understand the knowledge and health seeking behavior related to KA in the East Champaran district. A total of 100 KA cases and 100 healthy controls selected from the neighborhoods of cases.Results: The knowledge of the population showed that the male constituted 58% of the total population in which 56% were case and 60% were control. Majority of the respondent 76.5% were aware from the KA. Maximum of the respondent 72.5% believed that biting time of sand flies were in the night. Moreover, 71% respondent cannot know how to protect the KA transmission.Conclusion: These results will be useful for further improvement in the KA control programs for intervention strategies. The knowledge of the study subject about KA, the vectors, the transmission of KA, and control measures was poor which needs some effort of the public health system by the Ministry working in the field of health

Comparison of levobupivacaine with ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks have assumed a prominent role in modern anaesthesia practice as they provide ideal operative conditions without any general anaesthesia or adverse haemodynamic effects. When compared with ropivacaine, levobupivacaine is a newer, safer, longer acting local anaesthetic with rapid onset and prolonged duration of analgesia and similar or more pronounced nerve blocking effects, depending on the concentration. Hence the present study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.5% ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, double blind comparative study of 60 patients with ASA grade I, II of either sex, between the ages 18 years to 60 years. They were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block was given for upper limb surgeries using 0.5% levobupivacaine (Group L) or 0.5% ropivacaine (Group R). The onset of sensory and motor block, their duration, and possible adverse events were recorded and compared for both groups.Results: Significant earlier onset of sensory blockade (p=0.027) and motor blockade (p=0.01), prolonged duration of sensory and motor blockade (p=0.0001) was observed in group of patients receiving levobupivacaine compared to ropivacaine. The time for first rescue analgesia required post operatively was much longer in Group L(13.2333±1.1651hr) as compared to Group R(10.8667±0.91852 hr) and the difference was significant (p=0.0001).Intraoperatively throughout the study heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were comparable in both the groups and found no statistically significant difference (p &gt;0.05). The heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for both the groups were compared postoperatively and observed no statistical significant difference (p &gt;0.05). No adverse effects were observed in both the groups.Conclusions: 0.5% levobupivacaine used in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries provides rapid onset of sensory and motor blockade and prolonged duration of analgesia compared to 0.5% ropivacaine.

A comparative study of PPIUCD acceptance between primiparaous and multiparaous women in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu

Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is a postpartum family planning method which provides spacing to the next pregnancy and also it helps to avoid unwanted / unintended pregnancy during postpartum period. Our aim is to study the willingness and PPIUCD acceptance between primiparaous and multiparaous women and compare them as a factor of route of insertion (vaginal versus caesarean).Methods: 1060 vaginal and caesarean deliveries conducted over a period of three months and 676 PPUCD insertions was done among the deliveries in a tertiary care hospital. A comparative cross-sectional study was done on the acceptance of PPIUCD by postpartum mothers between primiparous and multipararous women among the deliveries for the study period.Results: The proportion of willingness for PPIUCD was 68.8% among the postpartum mothers. The percentage of acceptance of PPIUCD was 73.8% and 51.4% in respect of primiparous and multiparous postpartum mothers. The route of PPIUCD insertion was more in caesarean deliveries (34.1%) than in vaginal deliveries (29.7%) in the total deliveries. The PPIUCD insertion in primiparous women was effective and statistically significant at p-value is &lt;0.05.Conclusions: PPIUCD is a strong weapon in the family planning and should be encouraged in both vaginal and caesarean deliveries. The acceptability of PPIUCD by postpartum mothers was more in primiparous than in multiparous women

Effect of Different GA3 Concentration and Frequency on Growth, Flowering and Yield in Gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) Cv. Lorenziana

The present experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Instructional Farm, Department of Horticulture, J.A.U., Junagadh during the winter 2004-05. The experiment comprised of ten treatments, viz., three concentrations of GA3 (50, 150, 250 ppm) at three frequencies (single, double and triple spray at 30, 45 and 60 days from transplanting) and control. Each treatment was replicated thrice in randomized block design. Of the different treatments, GA3 250 ppm single spray recorded maximum plant height and plant spread. Number of branches per plant was highest under double spray of GA3 at 50 ppm. Longest flowering duration, maximum flower diameter and maximum shelf-life were observed with single spray of 250 ppm GA3. It also registered maximum number and weight of flowers per plant besides highest flower yield