Clinical features, predisposing factors and radiological study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: experience from a tertiary care center in Southern India

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a less common cause of stroke with a wide range of clinical presentations, predisposing factors, radiological features and outcomes. A high index of suspicion is absolutely essential to diagnose cerebral venous thrombosis. In this article, we have reviewed the clinical spectrum and radiological profile of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and attempted to identify the specific predisposing factors for developing cerebral venous thrombosis particularly in this region of India.Methods: 116 patients hospitalized from January 2015 to March 2017 with a final diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis which was confirmed by imaging (MRI/MRV or CT angiography) were included. Patients who were initially diagnosed as CVT but imaging were not suggestive of the same were excluded.Results: The mean age of the study population was 35.21 years, with most patients aged between 21-30 years. 18.1% of the study population were puerperal women, much lower than earlier series. 54.54% of the men had a significant history of alcohol consumption and 10.34% of the non-puerperal women revealed a history of consuming oral contraceptive pills. Among men, seizures were the most common presenting symptom followed by headache. Women presented with headache followed by vomiting. Superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, cortical veins and sigmoid sinus involvement were quite common in comparison to the other sinuses.Conclusions: Accurate and prompt diagnosis of CVT is crucial because timely and appropriate therapy can reverse the disease process and significantly reduce the risk of acute complications and long-term sequelae. In this article, we have reviewed the epidemiology, causative factors, clinical features and as well as radiological pattern of CVT from an Indian perspective. Over the last decade, a relatively high incidence of CVT in fairly young individuals warrants further evaluation towards genetic predisposition for pro-thrombotic states particularly in this region of India

Regeneration of cellulose acetate nanofibrous mat from discarded cigarette butts

Cellulose acetate present in the cigarette butts has beenregenerated into nanofibrous mat. The developed mat is thencharacterized using various analytical tools. Uniform bead-freecellulose acetate fibre is obtained at 12 % w/v concentration ofcellulose acetate. The mat thus obtained exhibits goodantimicrobial property

N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H16N2O4S2, the dihedral angle between the terminal phenyl rings is 77.07 (13)°. The geometries around the S atoms are distorted tetra­hedral, with O—S—O angles of 120.66 (12) and 119.44 (11)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are stacked in columns along the a axis via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Naphthalen-1-aminium chloride

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H10N+·Cl−, the two components are connected via N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane

2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl­pyridinium chloride dihydrate

In the title hydrated mol­ecular salt, C7H11N2 +·Cl−·2H2O, the pyridine N atom of the 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl­pyridine mol­ecule is protonated. The cation is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.006 (2) Å. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, thereby forming sheets lying parallel to (100). The crystal structure is further stabilized by aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions between the pyridinium rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4789 (9) Å]

Diethyl 4-[5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro­pyridine-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate ethanol monosolvate

In the title compound, C28H29N3O4·C2H6O, the benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 33.72 (13) and 32.86 (13)°, respectively, with the adjacent pyrazole and phenyl rings. In the crystal, the components are connected via inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane

2-Ethyl­piperidinium chloride

In the title molecular salt, C7H16N+·Cl−, the piperidinium ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, the two components are connected by N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a supra­molecular double-chain structure along the c axis

(2,6-Difluoro­phen­yl)(4-methyl­piperidin-1-yl)methanone

In the title compound, C13H15F2NO, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the least-squares plane of the piperidine ring and the benzene ring is 48.75 (7)°. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are connected via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain along the b axis

N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-di­yl)bis­(4-chloro­benzene­sulfonamide)

The title mol­ecule, C14H14Cl2N2O4S2, lies on an inversion center. The mol­ecule is twisted in the region of the sulfonamide group with a C—S—N—C torsion angle of −67.49 (16)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (100)

Effect of ultrasonication and enzyme activity on dye uptake of cationised cotton fabric

To eliminate the usage of salt, salt-free reactive dyeing using CHPTAC (3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride) has been proposed. Studies have shown promising results, such as better dye shade attainment and less effluent load compared to conventional methods. In this work, to improve the effective utilisation of CHPTAC, the cotton fabric has been treated with cellulase enzyme and the application of CHPTAC is carried out using the ultrasonication technique. The samples are then characterised for colour parameters and it is found that the enzymatic treatment and ultrasonication lead to improve the dye uptake, as the interaction of CHPTAC with the fabric becomes better.