35,412 research outputs found
Asymptotic equivalence and adaptive estimation for robust nonparametric regression
Asymptotic equivalence theory developed in the literature so far are only for
bounded loss functions. This limits the potential applications of the theory
because many commonly used loss functions in statistical inference are
unbounded. In this paper we develop asymptotic equivalence results for robust
nonparametric regression with unbounded loss functions. The results imply that
all the Gaussian nonparametric regression procedures can be robustified in a
unified way. A key step in our equivalence argument is to bin the data and then
take the median of each bin. The asymptotic equivalence results have
significant practical implications. To illustrate the general principles of the
equivalence argument we consider two important nonparametric inference
problems: robust estimation of the regression function and the estimation of a
quadratic functional. In both cases easily implementable procedures are
constructed and are shown to enjoy simultaneously a high degree of robustness
and adaptivity. Other problems such as construction of confidence sets and
nonparametric hypothesis testing can be handled in a similar fashion.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS681 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Minimax estimation with thresholding and its application to wavelet analysis
Many statistical practices involve choosing between a full model and reduced
models where some coefficients are reduced to zero. Data were used to select a
model with estimated coefficients. Is it possible to do so and still come up
with an estimator always better than the traditional estimator based on the
full model? The James-Stein estimator is such an estimator, having a property
called minimaxity. However, the estimator considers only one reduced model,
namely the origin. Hence it reduces no coefficient estimator to zero or every
coefficient estimator to zero. In many applications including wavelet analysis,
what should be more desirable is to reduce to zero only the estimators smaller
than a threshold, called thresholding in this paper. Is it possible to
construct this kind of estimators which are minimax? In this paper, we
construct such minimax estimators which perform thresholding. We apply our
recommended estimator to the wavelet analysis and show that it performs the
best among the well-known estimators aiming simultaneously at estimation and
model selection. Some of our estimators are also shown to be asymptotically
optimal.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000977 in the
Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Law of Log Determinant of Sample Covariance Matrix and Optimal Estimation of Differential Entropy for High-Dimensional Gaussian Distributions
Differential entropy and log determinant of the covariance matrix of a
multivariate Gaussian distribution have many applications in coding,
communications, signal processing and statistical inference. In this paper we
consider in the high dimensional setting optimal estimation of the differential
entropy and the log-determinant of the covariance matrix. We first establish a
central limit theorem for the log determinant of the sample covariance matrix
in the high dimensional setting where the dimension can grow with the
sample size . An estimator of the differential entropy and the log
determinant is then considered. Optimal rate of convergence is obtained. It is
shown that in the case the estimator is asymptotically
sharp minimax. The ultra-high dimensional setting where is also
discussed.Comment: 19 page
Optimal rates of convergence for covariance matrix estimation
Covariance matrix plays a central role in multivariate statistical analysis.
Significant advances have been made recently on developing both theory and
methodology for estimating large covariance matrices. However, a minimax theory
has yet been developed. In this paper we establish the optimal rates of
convergence for estimating the covariance matrix under both the operator norm
and Frobenius norm. It is shown that optimal procedures under the two norms are
different and consequently matrix estimation under the operator norm is
fundamentally different from vector estimation. The minimax upper bound is
obtained by constructing a special class of tapering estimators and by studying
their risk properties. A key step in obtaining the optimal rate of convergence
is the derivation of the minimax lower bound. The technical analysis requires
new ideas that are quite different from those used in the more conventional
function/sequence estimation problems.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS752 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Nonparametric regression in exponential families
Most results in nonparametric regression theory are developed only for the
case of additive noise. In such a setting many smoothing techniques including
wavelet thresholding methods have been developed and shown to be highly
adaptive. In this paper we consider nonparametric regression in exponential
families with the main focus on the natural exponential families with a
quadratic variance function, which include, for example, Poisson regression,
binomial regression and gamma regression. We propose a unified approach of
using a mean-matching variance stabilizing transformation to turn the
relatively complicated problem of nonparametric regression in exponential
families into a standard homoscedastic Gaussian regression problem. Then in
principle any good nonparametric Gaussian regression procedure can be applied
to the transformed data. To illustrate our general methodology, in this paper
we use wavelet block thresholding to construct the final estimators of the
regression function. The procedures are easily implementable. Both theoretical
and numerical properties of the estimators are investigated. The estimators are
shown to enjoy a high degree of adaptivity and spatial adaptivity with
near-optimal asymptotic performance over a wide range of Besov spaces. The
estimators also perform well numerically.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS762 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Robust nonparametric estimation via wavelet median regression
In this paper we develop a nonparametric regression method that is
simultaneously adaptive over a wide range of function classes for the
regression function and robust over a large collection of error distributions,
including those that are heavy-tailed, and may not even possess variances or
means. Our approach is to first use local medians to turn the problem of
nonparametric regression with unknown noise distribution into a standard
Gaussian regression problem and then apply a wavelet block thresholding
procedure to construct an estimator of the regression function. It is shown
that the estimator simultaneously attains the optimal rate of convergence over
a wide range of the Besov classes, without prior knowledge of the smoothness of
the underlying functions or prior knowledge of the error distribution. The
estimator also automatically adapts to the local smoothness of the underlying
function, and attains the local adaptive minimax rate for estimating functions
at a point. A key technical result in our development is a quantile coupling
theorem which gives a tight bound for the quantile coupling between the sample
medians and a normal variable. This median coupling inequality may be of
independent interest.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS513 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Clear air turbulence
Research on forecasting, detection, and incidents of clear air turbulenc
Absence of Hybridization Gap in Heavy Electron Systems and Analysis of YbAl3 in terms of Nearly Free Electron Conduction Band
In the analysis of the heavy electron systems, theoretical models with c-f
hybridization gap are often used. We point out that such a gap does not exist
and the simple picture with the hybridization gap is misleading in the metallic
systems, and present a correct picture by explicitly constructing an effective
band model of YbAl_3. Hamiltonian consists of a nearly free electron model for
conduction bands which hybridize with localized f-electrons, and includes only
a few parameters. Density of states, Sommerfeld coefficient, f-electron number
and optical conductivity are calculated and compared with the band calculations
and the experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
S=1/2 Kagome antiferromagnets CsCu_{12}$ with M=Zr and Hf
Magnetization and specific heat measurements have been carried out on
CsCuZrF and CsCuHfF single crystals, in which
Cu ions with spin-1/2 form a regular Kagom\'{e} lattice. The
antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between neighboring Cu spins is
K and 540 K for CsCuZrF and
CsCuHfF, respectively. Structural phase transitions were
observed at K and 175 K for CsCuZrF and
CsCuHfF, respectively. The specific heat shows a small bend
anomaly indicative of magnetic ordering at K and 24.5 K in
CsCuZrF and CsCuHfF, respectively. Weak
ferromagnetic behavior was observed below . This weak
ferromagnetism should be ascribed to the antisymmetric interaction of the
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya type that are generally allowed in the Kagom\'{e} lattice.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure. Conference proceeding of Highly Frustrated
Magnetism 200
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of perovskite-type transition-metal oxides and their analyses using tight-binding band structure
Nowadays it has become feasible to perform angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of transition-metal oxides with
three-dimensional perovskite structures owing to the availability of
high-quality single crystals of bulk and epitaxial thin films. In this article,
we review recent experimental results and interpretation of ARPES data using
empirical tight-binding band-structure calculations. Results are presented for
SrVO (SVO) bulk single crystals, and LaSrFeO (LSFO) and
LaSrMnO (LSMO) thin films. In the case of SVO, from comparison
of the experimental results with calculated surface electronic structure, we
concluded that the obtained band dispersions reflect the bulk electronic
structure. The experimental band structures of LSFO and LSMO were analyzed
assuming the G-type antiferromagnetic state and the ferromagnetic state,
respectively. We also demonstrated that the intrinsic uncertainty of the
electron momentum perpendicular to the crystal surface is important for the
interpretation of the ARPES results of three-dimensional materials.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
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