Writing-to-Learn in introductory Materials Science and Engineering

We present a study on the impact of Writing-to-Learn (WTL) assignments on student learning in introductory materials science/engineering. WTL promotes deeper thinking by asking students to address “real-world” situations via writing. The inclusion of peer review and revision processes in the WTL assignments allows students to give and receive feedback and critically assess their work. Through analysis of writing products and using pre/post assessments, we examine student gains in conceptual understanding and critical reasoning. Gain distributions across topics suggest that highly-effective assignments require students to map between qualitative and quantitative representations of phenomena and to connect their microscopic and macroscopic understandings.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169562/1/L_Marks_Honors_Capstone.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169562/2/APS-2021-13mar2021-marks.pptxhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169562/3/L_Marks_Honors_Capstone_Supplemental.pd

Specific character of citations in historiography (using the example of Polish history)

The first part of the paper deals with the assessment of international databases in relation to the number of historical publications (representation and relevance in comparison with the model database). The second part is focused on providing answer to the question whether historiography is governed by similar bibliometric rules as exact sciences or whether it has its own specific character. Empirical database for this part of the research constituted the database prepared ad hoc: The Citation Index of the History of Polish Media (CIHPM). Among numerous typically historical features the main focus was put on: linguistic localism, specific character of publishing forms, differences in citing of various sources (contributions and syntheses) and specific character of the authorship (the Lorenz Curve and the Lotka’s Law). Slightly more attention was devoted to the half-life indicator and its role in a diachronic study of a scientific field; also, a new indicator (HL14), depicting distribution of citations younger then half-life was introduced. Additionally, the comparison and correlation of selected parameters for the body of historical science (citations, HL14, the Hirsch Index, number of publications, volume and other) were also conducted

Generation of singlet oxygen from fragmentation of monoactivated 1,1-dihydroperoxides

The first singlet excited state of molecular oxygen (1O2) is an important oxidant in chemistry, biology, and medicine. 1O2 is most often generated through photosensitized excitation of ground state oxygen. 1O2 can also be generated chemically through the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and other peroxides. However, most of these “dark oxygenations” require water-rich media associated with short 1O2 lifetimes, and there is a need for oxygenations able to be conducted in organic solvents. We now report that monoactivated derivatives of 1,1-dihydroperoxides undergo a previously unobserved fragmentation to generate high yields of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). The fragmentations, which can be conducted in a variety of organic solvents, require a geminal relationship between a peroxyanion and a peroxide activated towards heterolytic cleavage. The reaction is general for a range of skeletal frameworks and activating groups and, via in situ activation, can be applied directly to 1,1-dihydroperoxides. Our investigation suggests the fragmentation involves rate-limiting formation of a peroxyanion that decomposes via a Grob-like process