24,037 research outputs found
New gamma/hadron separation parameters for a neural network for HAWC
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov experiment (HAWC) observatory is located
4100 meters above sea level. HAWC is able to detect secondary particles from
extensive air showers (EAS) initiated in the interaction of a primary particle
(either a gamma or a charged cosmic ray) with the upper atmosphere. Because an
overwhelming majority of EAS events are triggered by cosmic rays, background
noise suppression plays an important role in the data analysis process of the
HAWC observatory. Currently, HAWC uses cuts on two parameters (whose values
depend on the spatial distribution and luminosity of an event) to separate
gamma-ray events from background hadronic showers. In this work, a search for
additional gamma-hadron separation parameters was conducted to improve the
efficiency of the HAWC background suppression technique. The best-performing
parameters were integrated to a feed-foward Multilayer Perceptron Neural
Network (MLP-NN), along with the traditional parameters. Various iterations of
MLP-NN's were trained on Monte Carlo data, and tested on Crab data. Preliminary
results show that the addition of new parameters can improve the significance
of the point source at high-energies (~ TeV), at the expense of slightly worse
performance in conventional low-energy bins (~ GeV). Further work is underway
to improve the efficiency of the neural network at low energies.Comment: Presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017),
Bexco, Busan, Korea. See arXiv:1708.02572 for all HAWC contribution
Kubo formula for Floquet states and photoconductivity oscillations in a 2D electron gas
The recent discovery of the microwave induced vanishing resistance states in
a two dimensional electron system (2DES) is an unexpected and surprising
phenomena. In these experiments the magnetoresistance of a high mobility 2DES
under the influence of microwave radiation of frequency at moderate
values of the magnetic field, exhibits strong oscillations with zero-resistance
states (ZRS) governed by the ratio , where is the
cyclotron frequency. In this work we present a model for the photoconductivity
of a two dimensional electron system (2DES) subjected to a magnetic field. The
model includes the microwave and Landau contributions in a non-perturbative
exact way, impurity scattering effects are treated perturbatively. In our
model, the Landau-Floquet states act coherently with respect to the oscillating
field of the impurities, that in turn induces transitions between these levels.
Based on this formalism, we provide a Kubo-like formula that takes into account
the oscillatory Floquet structure of the problem. We study the effects of both
short-range and long-range disorder on the photoconductivity. Our calculation
yields a magnetoresistance oscillatory behavior with the correct period and
phase. It is found that, in agreement with experiment, negative dissipation can
only be induced in very high mobility samples. We analyze the dependence of the
results on the microwave power and polarization. For high-intensity radiation
multi-photon processes take place predicting new negative-resistance states
centered at , and .Comment: Final version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Tensor mass and particle number peak at the same location in the scalar-tensor gravity boson star models - an analytical proof
Recently in boson star models in framework of Brans-Dicke theory, three
possible definitions of mass have been identified, all identical in general
relativity, but different in scalar-tensor theories of gravity.It has been
conjectured that it's the tensor mass which peaks, as a function of the central
density, at the same location where the particle number takes its maximum.This
is a very important property which is crucial for stability analysis via
catastrophe theory. This conjecture has received some numerical support. Here
we give an analytical proof of the conjecture in framework of the generalized
scalar-tensor theory of gravity, confirming in this way the numerical
calculations.Comment: 9 pages, latex, no figers, some typos corrected, reference adde
Cell death induced by the application of alternating magnetic fields to nanoparticle-loaded dendritic cells
In this work, the capability of primary, monocyte-derived dendritic cells
(DCs) to uptake iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is assessed and a
strategy to induce selective cell death in these MNP-loaded DCs using external
alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) is reported. No significant decrease in the
cell viability of MNP-loaded DCs, compared to the control samples, was observed
after five days of culture. The amount of MNPs incorporated into the cytoplasm
was measured by magnetometry, which confirmed that 1 to 5 pg of the particles
were uploaded per cell. The intracellular distribution of these MNPs, assessed
by transmission electron microscopy, was found to be primarily inside the
endosomic structures. These cells were then subjected to an AMF for 30 min, and
the viability of the blank DCs (i.e., without MNPs), which were used as control
samples, remained essentially unaffected. However, a remarkable decrease of
viability from approximately 90% to 2-5% of DCs previously loaded with MNPs was
observed after the same 30 min exposure to an AMF. The same results were
obtained using MNPs having either positive (NH2+) or negative (COOH-) surface
functional groups. In spite of the massive cell death induced by application of
AMF to MNP-loaded DCs, the amount of incorporated magnetic particles did not
raise the temperature of the cell culture. Clear morphological changes at the
cell structure after magnetic field application were observed using scanning
electron microscopy. Therefore, local damage produced by the MNPs could be the
main mechanism for the selective cell death of MNP-loaded DCs under an AMF.
Based on the ability of these cells to evade the reticuloendothelial system,
these complexes combined with an AMF should be considered as a potentially
powerful tool for tumour therapy.Comment: In Press. 33 pages, 11 figure
Optimization of Dengue Epidemics: a test case with different discretization schemes
The incidence of Dengue epidemiologic disease has grown in recent decades. In
this paper an application of optimal control in Dengue epidemics is presented.
The mathematical model includes the dynamic of Dengue mosquito, the affected
persons, the people's motivation to combat the mosquito and the inherent social
cost of the disease, such as cost with ill individuals, educations and sanitary
campaigns. The dynamic model presents a set of nonlinear ordinary differential
equations. The problem was discretized through Euler and Runge Kutta schemes,
and solved using nonlinear optimization packages. The computational results as
well as the main conclusions are shown.Comment: Presented at the invited session "Numerical Optimization" of the 7th
International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics
(ICNAAM 2009), Rethymno, Crete, Greece, 18-22 September 2009; RepositoriUM,
id: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/1083
Monte Carlo simulations of post-common-envelope white dwarf + main sequence binaries: The effects of including recombination energy
Detached WD+MS PCEBs are perhaps the most suitable objects for testing
predictions of close-compact binary-star evolution theories, in particular, CE
evolution. The population of WD+MS PCEBs has been simulated by several authors
in the past and compared with observations. However, most of those predictions
did not take the possible contributions to the envelope ejection from
additional sources of energy (mostly recombination energy) into account. Here
we update existing binary population models of WD+MS PCEBs by assuming that a
fraction of the recombination energy available within the envelope contributes
to ejecting the envelope. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of 10^7 MS+MS
binaries for 9 different models using standard assumptions for the initial
primary mass function, binary separations, and initial-mass-ratio distribution
and evolved these systems using the publicly available BSE code. Including a
fraction of recombination energy leads to a clear prediction of a large number
of long orbital period (>~10 days) systems mostly containing high-mass WDs. The
fraction of systems with He-core WD primaries increases with the CE efficiency
and the existence of very low-mass He WDs is only predicted for high values of
the CE efficiency (>~0.5). All models predict on average longer orbital periods
for PCEBs containing C/O-core WDs than for PCEBs containing He WDs. This effect
increases with increasing values of both efficiencies. Longer periods after the
CE phase are also predicted for systems containing more massive secondary
stars. The initial-mass-ratio distribution affects the distribution of orbital
periods, especially the distribution of secondary star masses. Our simulations,
in combination with a large and homogeneous observational sample, can provide
constraints on the values of the CE efficiencies, as well as on the
initial-mass-ratio distribution for MS+MS binary stars.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The light curve of the companion to PSR B1957+20
We present a new analysis of the light curve for the secondary star in the
eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar system PSR B1957+20. Combining previous
data and new data points at minimum from the Hubble Space Telescope, we have
100% coverage in the R-band. We also have a number of new K_s-band data points,
which we use to constrain the infrared magnitude of the system. We model this
with the Eclipsing Light Curve code (ELC). From the modelling with the ELC code
we obtain colour information about the secondary at minimum light in BVRI and
K. For our best fit model we are able to constrain the system inclination to 65
+/- 2 degrees for pulsar masses ranging from 1.3 -- 1.9 M_sun. The pulsar mass
is unconstrained. We also find that the secondary star is not filling its Roche
lobe. The temperature of the un-irradiated side of the companion is in
agreement with previous estimates and we find that the observed temperature
gradient across the secondary star is physically sustainable.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures & 3tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA
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