Measles outbreak in Simada District, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, May - June 2009: Immediate need for strengthened routine and supplemental immunization activities (SIAs)

Background: Recently measles outbreaks have been occurring in several areas of Ethiopia.Methods: Desk review of outbreak surveillance data was conducted to identify the susceptible subjects and highly affected groups of the community in Simada District, Amhara Region, May and June, 2009.Results: A total of 97 cases with 13 deaths (Case fatality Rate (CFR) of 13.4%) were reported delayed about 2 weeks. Cases ranged in of age range from 3 months to 79 years, with 43.3% aged 15 years and above; and high age specific attack rate in children under 5 and infants (p-value<0.0001).Conclusion and Recommendation: These findings indicate accumulation of susceptible children under 5 and a need to strengthen both routine and supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) and surveillance, with monitoring of accumulation of susceptible individuals to protect both target and non-target age groups. Surveillance should be extended to and owned by volunteer community health workers and the community, particularly in such remote areas

Better potato for a better life: Reducing food insecurity and dependence on cereals in Amhara Oromia, Tigray and SNNP regions of Ethiopia

This flyer outlines the work done to achieve the goal of enhanced rural incomes, food security and nutrition in four regions of Ethiopia through resilient and profitable potato and sweetpotato value chains. It describes the successes of the first phase of the project (2010-2014) which led to the implementation of the second phase (2015-2016), as well as the progress made between June 2014 and July 2015 in implementing activities that are geared towards increasing access to quality disease-free seed, increasing productivity and revenue, and dietary diversity

Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review

Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high‐quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource‐poor settings

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Kaolin adsorbent expected to adsorb the textile dye molecule. Because clay materials have good surface area for adsorption. Also, clay materials have charged, both positive and negative, surface area. Specially kaolin has a dominant-negative surface charge. As a result, kaolin adsorbent will have a potential capacity to adsorb basic dyes. The operational parameters ( effect of dye concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage), as well as modeling ( adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study) on to raw, calcined and beneficiated kaolin, were investigated. Basic Yellow Dye on to the beneficiated kaolin has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 9, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 30℃

Mr.

Kaolin adsorbent expected to adsorb the textile dye molecule. Because clay materials have good surface area for adsorption. Also, clay materials have charged, both positive and negative, surface area. Specially kaolin has a dominant-negative surface charge. As a result, kaolin adsorbent will have a potential capacity to adsorb basic dyes. The operational parameters ( effect of dye concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage), as well as modeling ( adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study) on to raw, calcined and beneficiated kaolin, were investigated. Basic Yellow Dye on to the beneficiated kaolin has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 9, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 30℃

Utilizations of Electro-coagulated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant data as an Adsorbent for Direct Red 28 Dye removal

Electro-coagulated, EC, sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant can be reuse as an adsorbent for a certain cationic and anionic azo dyes from textile and or leather industry effluents. Because EC sludge expected to have iron oxide and hydroxide during the electrochemical processes of wastewater treatment, it can be used for adsorptions for azo dye removal. Produced EC sludge can have positively charged surface, specially ferric and or ferrous surface charge. Thus, EC sludge as an adsorbent will have adsorption potential to adsorb acidic (anionic) dyes in the principles of electrostatic attraction. To this study, the author intends to use direct red 28 (DR28) dyes as a modal azo dye from the textile and or leather industry. Basic batch adsorption parameters (effect of dye concentration, solution pH, reaction temperature, mixing time and adsorbent dosage), as well as adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study on to raw and calcined EC sludge were investigated. DR28 dye on to calcined EC adsorbent has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 2, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 25±2℃, ambient temperature

Mr.

Kaolin adsorbent expected to adsorb the textile dye molecule. Because clay materials have good surface area for adsorption. Also, clay materials have charged, both positive and negative, surface area. Special kaolin has a dominant-negative surface charge. As a result, kaolin adsorbent will have a potential capacity to adsorb basic dyes. The operational parameters ( effect of dye concentration, pH, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage), as well as modeling ( adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study) on to raw, calcined and beneficiated kaolin, were investigated. Basic Yellow Dye on to the beneficiated kaolin has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 9, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 30℃