Development Of Biodegradable Polyetheramide-Urethanes From Castor Seed Oil

Castor seed oil (Ricinuscommunis) is a vital renewable base material for industrial production of lubricants, brake fluids, soaps, inks, pharmaceuticals, pla stics, perfumes etc. The presence of reachricinoleic acid (about 87.5%) content in its fatty acids profile confers on its essential use for coating purposes. This paper presents the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluations of polyetheramide-urethanes (PETAU) prepared from Ricinuscommunis seed oil. N,N'-bis (2- hydroxyethyl) Ricinuscommunis fatty amide (HERA) was synthesized via aminolysis. Upon reacting HERA with bisphenoiA, polyetheramide (PETA) resin was form ed. The polyetheramide subsequently undergo urethanation to form PETAU. The synthesized PETAU was characterized by FT-IR, 'H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Selected physico-chemical parameters of seed oil, HERA, PETA, PET AU were measured. Coating performance, thermal stability and antimicrobia l properties ofthe cured resin were also evaluated

Development of Functional Polyurethane–ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings from Thevetia peruviana Seed Oil

The present article reports eco-friendly multifunctional polyurethane–ZnO hybrid nanocomposite coatings obtained from Thevetia peruviana seed oil (TPSO). Initially, the polyols were prepared by treating TPSO with glycerol and the formation was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR studies. In the next stage, siloxane functionalized ZnO nanoparticles were added to the polyol mixture in different weight percentages (0, 1 and 2 %) and then treated with excess 4,4′-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI) in order to synthesize isocyanate terminated polyurethane nanocomposites. The polyurethane hybrids were then casted as thin films and cured under atmospheric moisture. After complete curing they were characterized by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The hybrid nanocomposites showed superior thermo-mechanical and anti-corrosive properties compared to pristine polyurethane. Also, due to the presence of nano ZnO in the polyurethane matrix,the composite coatings are showing excellent resistance towards various bacterial and fungal stains

Antibacterial and Morphological Studies of Electrospun Silver-Impregnated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibre

Silver-impregnated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibre was prepared through electrospinning process. Infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA/DTA) were used to characterize PAN and PAN/Ag composites. The XRD results reflects decrease in the crystallinity of PAN as it is been modified with Ag. Antibacterial activity of PAN/Ag was also investigated

Renewable resource based novel antimicrobial polyesteramide-urethenehybrid coatings

The use of renewable resources for the development of coating materials is a viable means to reduce environmental impact and support sustainability efforts. This paper describes a novel antimicrobial polyesteramide-urethane-silica- Zinc Oxide (ZnO) hybrid coatings based on milk bush seed oil as renewable resource. Initially ZnO nanoparticles were modified with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to get silica grafted ZnO composite particles. The milk bush oil based polyesteramide were reacted with excess H12MDI to get NCO terminated polyesteramide-urethanes and the excess NCO was reacted with silica grafted ZnO composite particles to get the reactive hybrid prepolymers. These prepolymers were casted on tin foil and cured under atmospheric moisture to get eco-friendly moisture curing polyesteramide-urethane-silica- Zinc Oxide (ZnO) hybrid coatings films. The coatings films were evaluated for its antimicrobial and thermo mechanical properties while coated steel specimen were used for corrosion studies. The techniques such as FTIR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, SEM and XRD have been used in this study. The hybrid coating films has shown very good antibacterial and antifungal propertie$, higher thermal stability and better thermo mechanical properties. The improvement in the properties was dependent" on the concentration of ZnO composite particles in the coating films. The antibacterial experiments show that the ZnO doped films exhibit excellent antibacterial activity, especially for E.coli. The salt spray test on coated specimen show good corrosion resistance properties for hybrid coating

A Microcontroller Framework for PC Based Electrical Appliance Control System

Personal computers are increasingly becoming the platform of choice to design and implement control algorithms because it is simple to write, modify and update software programs that implement control algorithms. In this paper, the personal computer is used to control the electrical appliances which includes turning high power alternating current (AC) loads such as lights, fans, heaters etc ON or OFF. To successfully integrate the interface box with the machine (laptop), an interface device is used within the PC that can perform the necessary tasks. The interface box can be controlled by the computer by connecting to the USB port and developed a program in C-sharp(C#) programming language. The program will demonstrate the basic idea of how to control devices and monitor events. With the program, the computer can turn electric devices ON/OFF while disregarding the manual control system. Moreover, the people who are physically disabled in homes and work places are able to control the home appliances by interacting with the interface of the developed appliance. It is a necessity to employ the service of Home Appliances Control as it is more effective, efficient and stress-free. Keywords: Personal Computers, Home Control Appliance, Distribution Fuse Board (DFB), Graphical User Interface (GUI), Interface Box, Internal Module, Enumeration, Local Area Network (LAN)

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATIONS OF NOVEL HYBRID POLYESTERAMIDEURETHANES PREPARED FROM YELLOW OLEANDA SEED OIL

Air drying polyesteramide-urethanes resins were synthesized from Thevetia peruviana seed oil commonly known as Yellow oleanda (a tropical ornamental shrub) having about 68.8% unsaturated and 30.9% saturated fatty acids. The physico- chemical characterization of the optimized unsaturated FAME such as hydroxyl value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, inherent viscosity were carried out using standard methods. Through condensation reaction the N,N'- bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana (HETA) prepared from the FAME reacted with isophthalic acid to form polyesteramide. The latter undergo urethanation with H1 ' 2MDI. The structural elucidation of the moisture cured polyesteramide-urethane coating was based on FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The coatings films were evaluated for its antihacterial activity and thermal stability properties on TGA and DSC. The SEM of the --uating films was also examined

Development of Poly (Ester Amide-Urethanes) from De-saturated Thevetia peruviana Seed Oil-FAMEs

This study present the synthesis of eco-friendly poly(ester amide-urethane) coating from Thevetia peruviana seed oil (TPSO). FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral analyses were used in confirming the structure of compounds. Physico-chemical properties of desaturated N,N'-bis (2- hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana seed oil fatty amide (DHETA), poly(ester amide) (PESA) and poly(ester amide urethanes) (PESAU), as well as chemical resistance, antibacterial studies and thermal analysis of PESAU were also examined. Aims: To evaluate the thermal stability and antibacterial activities of PESAU. Study Design: Extraction of seed oil from the air-dried seedlings of Thevetia peruviana seeds and preparation of polyol through urea fractionation. Followed by urethane synthesis using 4,4'- diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI). Result: The 46.4 g ICI/100g Iodine value (I.V.) of the amide (DHETA) base polyol was reduced to 10.5 g ICI/100 g value for the urethane (PESAU). The zero percent value for PESAU hydroxyl value (H.V.) is an indication of complete reaction of the hydroxyl functional groups on PESA with H12MDI. Spectroscopic examinations carried out confirm the formation of synthesized compounds. Conclusion: The synthesized urethane (PESAU) shows excellent inhibitive activities against tested organisms

Thermal Stability and Antibacterial Activity of a Newly Prepared Organic Coating from a De-saturated Seed Oil of Thevetia Peruviana

Air drying polyesteramide-urethanes resins were synthesized from de-saturated fatty methyl ester (FAME) of Thevetia peruviana seed oil commonly known as Yellow oleanda (a tropical ornamental shrub) having about 68.8% unsaturated and 30.9% saturated fatty acids. Urea fractionation method was used to optimize the percentage of functional groups (in this case double bonds) by physio-sorption of the saturated fatty acids. The physico-chemical characterization of the optimized unsaturated FAME such as hydroxyl value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, inherent viscosity were carried out using standard methods. Through condensation reaction the N,N- bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana (HETA) prepared from the FAME react with isophthalic acid to form polyesteramide. The latter undergo urethanation with H1 • 2 MDI. The structural elucidation of the moisture cured polyesteramide-urethane urethane coating was based on FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The coatings films were evaluated for its antibacterial activity and thermal stability properties on TGA and DSC. SEM of the coating films was also examine

Anti-microbial and anti-corrosive poly (ester amide urethane) siloxane modified ZnO hybrid coatings from Thevetia peruviana seed oil

The utilization of renewable resources for the development of organic coatings is a viable means of creating alternatives to petroleum-based chemicals which are not eco-friendly. This paper reports the synthesis of polyesteramide– urethane–silica–zinc oxide hybrid coatings from Thevetia peruviana seed oil (TPSO). The periphery of ZnO nano-particles is modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to prepare silica grafted ZnO composite particles. The TPSO based polyesteramide was reacted with 4,40- diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane in presence of siloxane modified ZnO to obtain –NCO terminated polyesteramide– urethane–silica ZnO prepolymer. These hybrid pre-polymers were casted on tin foil and cured under atmospheric moisture to obtain eco-friendly, moisture cured polyesteramide– urethanes–silica–zinc oxide hybrid coating films. The synthesized polyester and polyurethane formation was confirmed by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques.The resultant hybrid coating films were characterized by using FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, corrosion resistance and microbial resistance. Results confirm that with increase of siloxane modified ZnO content in the polyurethane matrix thermal stability, glass transition temperature and corrosion resistance improved. The antibacterial activity shows that the hybrid films exhibit excellent resistance towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The salt spray test on coated panel samples show good corrosion resistance properties

THERMAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATIONS OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED HYBRID URETHANES FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA SEED OIL

The thermal and antimicrobial properties of air drying polyesteramide-urethanes (hybrid) synthesized from Thevetia peruviana (a tropical and underutilized ornamental shrub) seed oil (TPSO) were evaluated. Physico-chemical characterizations (such as hydroxyl value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, inherent viscosity) of the resins were carried out using standard procedures. The polyesteramide was synthesized by reacting N, N'- bis(2- hydroxyethyl) Thevetia peruviana (I-IETA) [a product of aminolysis of TPSO] with Isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI). FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods were used in structural .elucidation of the air dried hybrid urethanes. Antimicrobial activities as well as thermal stability (using TGA and DSC) of the coating films were evaluated. The SEM micrograph of the hybrid film and corrosion inhibitive test was also exa.rilined