Challenging Depressive Beliefs: Habitual and Recollective Components of Stability or Change

Background and objectives. Depressed people tend to hold stable negative beliefs that resist challenges. Two experiments investigated the cognitive bases of belief change or resistance to change following the provision of supportive or challenging pseudo-evidence. Method. Students scoring high and low on a measure of depressed state read belief statements, each followed by invented experimental evidence to either verify or discount them. Two days later, they read all the belief statements again, together with new statements, this time rating belief. Results. The students agreed that the statements described common beliefs and that the evidence was plausible. Discounted statements were believed less than new statements on the test. Also, dysphoric students believed discounted and new statements less than verified statements, but that difference was larger for the nondysphoric students. Parameter estimates of the habitual basis for belief ratings, obtained with process-dissociation procedures, were higher in the dysphoric group, and estimates of evidence recollection were lower. The latter finding was conceptually supported by deficient recognition of the gist of the discounting evidence in the dysphoric group (Experiment 2). Limitations. Experiment 2 results replicated the rating effects in Experiment 1, but not the parameter differences, due to low power as a consequence of the university response to the pandemic. Conclusions. We interpret these results in the context of other evidence regarding belief change and depressive cognition, such as habitual rumination and deficient cognitive control

Partitioning of Phosphorus and Molybdenum between the Earth's Mantle and Core and the Conditions of Core Formation

There are several hypotheses on the specific processes that might have occurred during the formation of the Earth. One hypothesis that has been proposed is that early in the Earth's formation, there was a magma ocean present, and within this body, siderophile elements separated out of the silicate liquid to form the metal core. This study addresses this hypothesis. P and Mo are moderately siderophile elements that are present in both the mantle and the core. The concentrations of P and Mo in silicate vs. metal can be measured and in turn used to determine the temperatures, pressures, oxygen fugacity and melt composition required to achieve the same concentrations as observed in the mantle. The data here include eight experiments examining the partitioning of P and Mo between metallic liquid and silicate liquid. The purpose of the experiments has been to gain a greater understanding of core-mantle separation during the Earth formation process and examines temperature effect on P and Mo, which has not been systematically studied before

A new shape for an old function: lasting effect of a physiologic surgical restoration of the left ventricle

BACKGROUND: Long-term morphofunctional outcome may vary widely in surgical anterior left ventricular wall restoration, suggesting variability in post-surgical remodeling similar to that observed following acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate that surgical restoration obtained with a particular shape of endoventricular patch leads to steady morphofunctional ventricular improvement when geometry, volume and residual akinesia can be restored as normal as possible. METHODS: This study involved 12 consecutive patients with previous anterior myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy and no mitral procedures, who underwent left ventricular reconstruction and coronary revascularization between May 2002 and May 2003 using a small, narrow, oval patch aiming at a volume ≤ 45 mL/m(2 )with elliptical shape. Eleven geometric parameters were examined preoperatively and at least 3, 12 and 24 months after the operation by serial echocardiographic studies and evaluated by paired t test taking the time of surgery as a starting point for remodeling. RESULTS: All patients were in NYHA class 1 at follow-up. Patch geometry obtained a conical shape of the ventricle with new apex, physiologic rearrangement of functioning myocardial wall and small residual akinesia. Ventricular changes at the four time-points showed that all parameters improved significantly compared to preoperative values (end-diastolic volume = 184.2 ± 23.9 vs 139.9 ± 22.0, p = 0.001; vs 151.0 ± 33.8, p = 0.06; vs 144.9 ± 34.0, p = 0.38; end-systolic volume = 125.7 ± 20.6 vs 75.2 ± 14.1, p = 0.001; vs 82.1 ± 23.9, p = 0,18; vs 77.1 ± 19.4, p = 0.41) without further changes during follow-up except for wall motion score index (2.0 ± 0.2 to 1.7 ± 0.2, to 1.4 ± 0.2, to 1.3 ± 0.2) and percentage of akinesia (30.4 ± 7.5 to 29.3 ± 4.2, to 19.8 ± 11.6, to 14.5 ± 7.2) which slowly and significantly improved suggesting a positive post-surgery remodeling. CONCLUSION: Ventricular reconstruction caring of physiological shape, volume, revascularization and residual akinesia obtained a steady geometry. Positive remodeling and equalization of geometrical outcome may persistently prevent long-term redilation

To investigate the use of brittle lacquer in measuring quantitatively the residual strains in metal plates

This thesis document was issued under the authority of another institution, not NPS. At the time it was written, a copy was added to the NPS Library collection for reasons not now known.  It has been included in the digital archive for its historical value to NPS.  Not believed to be a CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) title.The object of this investigation is to determine the possibility of measuring quantitatively the residual stresses in metal plates by means of brittle lacquer. It is known that the residual stresses can be determined qualitatively by use of the brittle lacquer from the work of previous investigators. This investigator will concern itself with correlating the size of the pattern formed in the lacquer on the release of the residual stresses with the actual value of the residual stresses in the metal.http://www.archive.org/details/toinvestigateuse00acu

Polyamine Biosynthesis in Sulfate Deficient and Sulfate Supplemented Rats

Adult male albino Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing 15 % of casein with a constant 0.62 % of supplemental methionine, and three levels of inorganic sulfate, 0.0002 %, 0.02 %, and 0.42 %. The polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and the controlling enzymes for their biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SAMD) were evaluated in liver tissue homogenates following a 17 day dietary period. There was no increase in the activity of ODC or the tissue concentration of putrescine in the liver tissue of rats fed the diet low in sulfate. There was an increase in SAMD activity and the concentration of spermidine and spermine. The activity of both ODC and SAMD and the tissue concentration of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine increased in the liver tissue from rats fed the diet high in inorganic sulfate. These data coupled with previous observations suggest that the metabolic effects of diets low in inorganic sulfate are probably not mediated through the regulatory activity of the polyamines. However, these data allow the suggestion that the metabolic alterations observed in rats fed diets high in inorganic sulfate may be due to the regulatory action of the polyamines