Diamond burs versus curettes in root planing: a randomized clinical trial

Aim: This study compares diamond burs and curettes by clinical, microbiological, biochemical, scanning electron microscopic parameters and treatment time data in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Two quadrants of each of the 12 patients received root planing with diamond burs whereas other 2 quadrants were treated with curettes. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and then 1, 3, 6 months after completion of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Subgingival plaque, gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained at baseline and 1-month control. Twenty-one hopeless teeth received root planing with diamond burs or curettes or no treatment at all and then extracted for microscopic evaluations. Results: Clinical periodontal parameters improved similarly with both treatment modalities. Microbiological analyses revealed similar findings for the bacterial load (16S gene copy numbers), ratio of each bacterium to the total bacterial count at baseline, 1-month control. Cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid samples exhibited differences between the two treatments. Scanning electron microscopic analyses indicated that diamond burs were better in terms of calculus removal, loss of tooth substance indices, but roughness index values were better for curettes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, diamond burs provide findings comparable with curettes in root planing

Dichlorobis[1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-?3] cobalt(II)

The title compound, [CoCl2(C11H14N 2O)2], was synthesized from 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)benzimidazole and cobalt dichloride in ethanol. The CoII atom is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral environment by two Cl atoms and two N atoms. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C - H?Cl and C - H?O interactions. © 2004 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4,5-dibromo-6-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-3a,6-epoxy-1H-isoindol-1-one

In the title compound, C15H15Br2NO2, two bridged tetrahydrofuran rings adopt envelope conformations with the O atom as the flap. The pyrrolidine ring also adopts an envelope conformation with the spiro C atom as the flap. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into dimers by pairs of C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, thus generating R-2(2)(18) rings. The crystal packing is dominated by H center dot center dot center dot H, Br center dot center dot center dot H, H center dot center dot center dot pi and Br center dot center dot center dot pi interactions. One of the Br atoms is disordered over two sites with occupation ratio of 0.833 (8):0.167 (8)

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-benzyl-4,5-dibromo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-3a,6-epoxy-1H-isoindol-1-one

The title compound, C15H15Br2NO2, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell. In both molecules, the tetrahydrofuran rings adopt an envelope conformation with the O atom as the flap and the pyrrolidine rings adopt an envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to the (002) plane. These sheets are connected only by weak van der Waals interactions. The most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H center dot center dot center dot H (44.6%), Br center dot center dot center dot H/H center dot center dot center dot Br (24.1%), O center dot center dot center dot H/H center dot center dot center dot O (13.5%) and C center dot center dot center dot H/H center dot center dot center dot C (11.2%) interactions, as concluded from a Hirshfeld surface analysis

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (RS)-3-hydroxy-2-{[(3aRS,6RS,7aRS)-2-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3a,6-epoxy-1H-isoindol-6-yl]methyl}isoindolin-1-one

The title compound, C24H24N2O5S, crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In the central ring systems of both molecules, the tetrahydrofuran rings adopt envelope conformations, the pyrrolidine rings adopt a twisted-envelope conformation and the six-membered ring is in a boat conformation. In molecules A and B, the nine-membered groups attached to the central ring system are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.002 and 0.003 angstrom, respectively). They form dihedral angles of 64.97 (9) and 56.06 (10)degrees, respectively, with the phenyl rings. In the crystal, strong intermolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds and weak intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O contacts link the molecules, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition weak pi-pi stacking interactions [centroid-to centroid distance = 3.7124 (13) angstrom] between the pyrrolidine rings of the nine-membered groups of A molecules are observed. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used to quantify the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal, indicating that the environments of the two molecules are very similar. The most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H center dot center dot center dot H (55.8% for molecule A and 53.5% for molecule B), O center dot center dot center dot H/H center dot center dot center dot O (24.5% for molecule A and 26.3% for molecule B) and C center dot center dot center dot H/H center dot center dot center dot C (12.6% for molecule A and 15.7% for molecule B) interactions

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 5-acetyl-3-amino-6-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbox-amide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C25H21N3O2S, comprises four molecules. Their conformations differ primarily in the orientations of the styryl and the N-phenylcarboxamido groups. In the crystal, intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot N, C-H center dot center dot center dot O and C-H center dot center dot center dot S hydrogen-bonding contacts as well a C-H center dot center dot center dot pi(ring) interactions lead to the formation of a layer structure parallel to (010). Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that H center dot center dot center dot H interactions represent the main contributions to the crystal packing