Evaluation of proven nosocomial sepsis agents in a level ııı neonatal intensive care center: a 2- year analysis

PURPOSE: Despite advances in supportive care and use of antibiotics, sepsis neonatorum preserves its importance due to its high mortality and morbidity. Identifying the causative agents and antibiotic resistance yearly in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) helps the physician to choose the most appropriate empirical therapy. In this study we aimed to evaluate positive blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibilities of newborns with proven sepsis in the years 2000-2001 in our NICU. MATERIALS-METHODS: The charts of hospitalized newborns between 2000-2001 were retrospectively studied. The causative agents and antibiotic susceptibilities in newborns with proven sepsis were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 48 positive results were obtained in 44 newborns among 576 newborns in this time period. Although most of the admitted patients were preterm infants (86.7 %) the frequency of proven sepsis was low (7.6%). Mortality rate of septicemia was 15.9 %. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Coagulase- negative Staphylococci (CNS) (27.1%), Candida spp. (18.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.6%), Enterobacter spp (14.6%). The antibiotic susceptibilities of microorganisms were as follows: For CNS: Teicoplanin and Vancomycin 100%, Gentamicin 54% for S. aureus: Teicoplanin and Vancomycin 100%, Clindamycin 72%, Gentamicin 57%, for Enterobacter spp.: Meropenem and Piperacillin-tazobactam 100%, quinolones 86%. Methicillin resistance was 100% for CNS and 72% for S.aureus. In the year 2001, a significant increase in the frequency of Enterobacter spp. (11-16.6%) and Candida spp. infections (5.5-26.7%) was observed compared to the previous year. CONCLUSION: We concluded that initial empirical antibiotic therapy for nosocomial sepsis withTeicoplanin+Piperacillin-tazobactam/Meropenem plus antifungal therapy (Fluconazole or Amphotericine B) may be the best combination until the culture results arrive

Tasarımcıların geometri-esaslı ve parametrik üç boyutlu modelleme ortamlarındaki bilişsel aktivitelerinin karşılaştırılması

Ankara : The Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2014.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2014.Includes bibliographical references leaves 85-90.Digital design area has been constantly developed by scientific studies, but it is observed that studies in this area have mostly focused on the technical aspects of the subject (i.e. development of new tools and courses). User, tool, and process are three fundamental elements of a digital design system, so there is a need for studies on users and processes as well as tools. This study was carried out to understand and compare the cognitive behaviors of designers in conventional geometry-based and parametric 3D modeling environments within the framework mentioned above. While the geometry-based modeling tools are based on creation and the modification of the geometry, parametric modeling environments include an algorithmic structure underlying the form generation process. The study utilized Rhino as a geometric tool and Grasshopper as a parametric 3D tool. Six design students participated in the study. The data was collected by protocol analysis method and analyzed with a content-oriented coding scheme developed in this study. Results indicated that the cognitive actions of designers were significantly different in geometric and parametric modeling environments.Tünger, ÇetinM.S