The role of space in the security and defence policy of Turkey. A change in outlook: Security in space versus security from space

Space and security domains are strongly related with each other. Nowadays, space is an indispensable part of security and defence policy, and it is increasingly becoming a critical infrastructure for strategic Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. However, space is vulnerable itself to the new space threats. This study reviews the current and near future space role in Turkey's security and defence policy and aims to address the threats against space based capabilities. To provide security from space, space based systems shall themselves need to be secure in space to warrant the security. The concept of security from space starts with space security, in other words the security in space. This paper also highlights the emerging technological opportunities for these space threats to be secure in space in order to provide the security from space. According to the relevant taxonomy, a categorized opportunity proposal for more robust and resilient space/satellite projects' architecture is proposed for Turkey

Local Foods Can Increase Adequacy of Nutrients Other than Iron in Young Urban Egyptian Women: Results from Diet Modeling Analyses

BACKGROUND: Nutrition transition and recent changes in lifestyle in Middle Eastern countries have resulted in the double burden of malnutrition. In Egypt, 88% of urban women are overweight or obese and 50% are iron deficient. Their energy, sugar, and sodium intakes are excessive, while intakes of iron, vitamin D, and folate are insufficient. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to formulate dietary advice based on locally consumed and affordable foods and determine the need for fortified products to meet the nutrient requirements of urban Egyptian women. METHODS: Food intakes were assessed using a 4-d food diary collected from 130 urban Egyptian women aged 19-30 y. Food prices were collected from modern and traditional markets to calculate diet cost. Population-based linear and goal programming analyses (Optifood tool) were used to identify "limiting nutrients" and to assess whether locally consumed foods (i.e., consumed by >5% of women) could theoretically improve nutrient adequacy at an affordable cost (i.e., less than or equal to the mean diet cost), while meeting recommendations for SFAs, sugars, and sodium. The potential of hypothetical fortified foods for improving intakes of micronutrients was also assessed. RESULTS: Iron was the most limiting nutrient. Daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, milk or yogurt, meat/fish/eggs, and tahini (sesame paste) were likely to improve nutrient adequacy for 11 out of 12 micronutrients modeled. Among fortified foods tested, iron-fortified rice, milk, water, bread, or yogurt increased the minimized iron content of the modeled diet from 40% to >60% of the iron recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: A set of dietary advice based on locally consumed foods, if put into practice, can theoretically meet requirements for most nutrients, except for iron for which adequacy is harder to achieve without fortified products. The acceptability of the dietary changes modeled needs evaluation before promoting them to young Egyptian women

Assessment of regional transmission connection capacity based on two novel indices

In deregulated market environments, transmission system expansion planning becomes a troublesome task as transmission system operators lose their direct control over plant investments. Moreover, the increase in the share of renewable sources in electricity generation creates an uncertainty about future generation investments in terms of location and size. Assessment of transmission connection capacities, which determines the boundaries of new generation amount that can safely be connected from a region, is a mechanism that facilitates economic and reliable transmission expansion. In this study, use of two novel indices, namely region-based evaluation index (REI) and line-based evaluation index (LEI), is proposed for this purpose. REI aims to indicate the suitability of a region for new generation investments from a holistic point of view. Its calculation is based on the loadings of the lines under N-1 conditions, and their overloading probabilities. LEI, on the other hand, is usable to assess each variation of the considered line's loading. By tracking LEI of a line, one can follow if a line's loading exceeds limits during contingencies, and observe if the loading benefits from additional generation. It allows identifying the weak points of the analysed system. The proposed methodology was demonstrated on projected Turkish Transmission Network model of 2026