16S rRNA gene-based identification of microbiota associated with the parthenogenetic troglobiont sand fly Deanemyia maruaga (Diptera, Psychodidae) from central Amazon, Brazil

Bacteria associated with the parthenogenetic troglobiont sand fly Deanemyia maruaga were characterized by sequencing cloned 16S rDNA PCR products. Eleven novel partial 16S rDNA sequences, with varying degrees of similarity to Actinobacteria, were identified. None of the sequences identified had homology to those known from parthenogenesis-inducing bacteria. © 2013, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia

Geographical distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and its phlebotomine vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a re-emerging disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is important to understand both the vector and disease distribution to help design control strategies. As an initial step in applying geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) tools to map disease-risk, the objectives of the present work were to: (i) produce a single database of species distributions of the sand fly vectors in the state of São Paulo, (ii) create combined distributional maps of both the incidence of ACL and its sand fly vectors, and (iii) thereby provide individual municipalities with a source of reference material for work carried out in their area.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A database containing 910 individual records of sand fly occurrence in the state of São Paulo, from 37 different sources, was compiled. These records date from between 1943 to 2009, and describe the presence of at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species in 183/645 (28.4%) municipalities. For the remaining 462 (71.6%) municipalities, we were unable to locate records of any of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species (<it>Nyssomyia intermedia</it>, <it>N. neivai</it>, <it>N. whitmani</it>, <it>Pintomyia fischeri</it>, <it>P. pessoai </it>and <it>Migonemyia migonei</it>). The distribution of each of the six incriminated or suspected vector species of ACL in the state of São Paulo were individually mapped and overlaid on the incidence of ACL for the period 1993 to 1995 and 1998 to 2007. Overall, the maps reveal that the six sand fly vector species analyzed have unique and heterogeneous, although often overlapping, distributions. Several sand fly species - <it>Nyssomyia intermedia </it>and <it>N. neivai </it>- are highly localized, while the other sand fly species - <it>N. whitmani, M. migonei, P. fischeri </it>and <it>P. pessoai </it>- are much more broadly distributed. ACL has been reported in 160/183 (87.4%) of the municipalities with records for at least one of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vector species, while there are no records of any of these sand fly species in 318/478 (66.5%) municipalities with ACL.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The maps produced in this work provide basic data on the distribution of the six incriminated or suspected sand fly vectors of ACL in the state of São Paulo, and highlight the complex and geographically heterogeneous pattern of ACL transmission in the region. Further studies are required to clarify the role of each of the six suspected sand fly vector species in different regions of the state of São Paulo, especially in the majority of municipalities where ACL is present but sand fly vectors have not yet been identified.</p

Estudo de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) do municipio de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas

Submitted by Ycaro Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-01-21T19:25:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tullio Silva.pdf: 3009408 bytes, checksum: 7e4bcea3643375eea0a8567bdd9152ee (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ycaro Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-01-21T19:25:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tullio Silva.pdf: 3009408 bytes, checksum: 7e4bcea3643375eea0a8567bdd9152ee (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-21T19:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tullio Silva.pdf: 3009408 bytes, checksum: 7e4bcea3643375eea0a8567bdd9152ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Os insetos da subfamília Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) são de interesse médico por serem vetores de protozoários do gênero Leishmania transmitidos no momento da alimentação do inseto. Cerca de 500 espécies são conhecidas paras as Américas e 133 registradas no estado do Amazonas. Causada por diferentes espécies de Leishmania, a leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) acomete o homem e outros animais, afetando pele e mucosa. Este trabalho está inserido no projeto “Condições de vida e saúde de populações indígenas na Amazônia”, PRONEX, que possui abordagem interdisciplinar para estudar aspectos eco-epidemiológicos e antropológicos da LTA no Médio Purús, financiado pela FAPEAM/CNPq, e em andamento no município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas onde há registros de casos e suspeita de subnotificações. Por isso, achou-se oportuno o estudo de flebotomíneos do município como contribuição para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da LTA. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os aspectos entomológicos relacionados a epidemiologia da LTA em uma área indígena do município de Lábrea. A coleta de flebotomíneos foi realizada em fevereiro de 2012, na Aldeia Castanheira, Terra Iindígena Caititú, município de Lábrea, utilizando armadilhas com atrativo luminoso. Após a identificação dos insetos, foi realizada a detecção e identificação de leishmânias presentes nos flebotomíneos coletados utilizando uma abordagem molecular. Um total de 1.267 flebotomíneos foi coletado, 819 (64,6%) fêmeas e 448 (35,4%) machos, distribuídos em 10 gêneros e 32 espécies. Os gêneros mais abundantes encontrados foram Psychodopygus, Nyssomyia e Trichophoromyia, já a espécie Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis foi a mais abundante com 235 (18,5%) espécimes coletados, seguida de Psychodopygus davisi com 228 (18%) e Nyssomyia antunesi com 135 (10,7%) indivíduos. Foi detectada a presença de DNA de Leishmania em seis espécies: Sciopemyia servulolimai, Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis, Evandromyia apurinan, Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli, Psychodopygus davisi, sendo a taxa de infecção mínima estimada foi de 0,84%. As espécies de leishmânias detectadas foram: Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis e uma amostra identificada somente ao nível de subgênero Leishmania (Viannia) sp. A infecção por Leishmania detectada em espécies vetoras encontradas neste trabalho, é um indício da participação das mesmas no ciclo de transmissão de LTA no município. Futuras investigações devem ser realizadas para ajudar a elucidar a epidemiologia da LTA não só no município de Lábrea mas para o estado do Amazonas.Insects from the subfamily Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) are of medical interest because they are vectors of protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted when the insect feeds. Approximately 500 species are known in the Americas and 133 registered in the state of Amazonas. Caused by different species of Leishmania, cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) affects humans and other animals, affecting skin and mucosa. This work is part of the project " Condições de vida e saúde de populações indígenas na Amazônia", PRONEX, which has an interdisciplinary approach to study eco-epidemiological and anthropological aspects of leishmaniasis in the Middle Purus, funded FAPEAM / CNPq, and is in progress in the municipality of Lábrea, where there are records of cases and suspected underreporting. Therefore, it was thought appropriate to the study sand flies of the municipality as a contribution to the knowledge of the epidemiology of ACL. The aim of this study was to investigate the entomological aspects related to the epidemiology of ACL in an indigenous area of the municipality of Lábrea. The collection of sand flies was carried out in February 2012 in the Aldeia Castanheira, Indian Reserve Caititú, municipality of Lábrea using light traps. After identification of insects, we performed detection and identification of Leishmania present in the collected sand flies using a molecular approach. A total of 1,267 sandflies was collected, 819 (64.6%) females and 448 (35.4%) males, distributed in 10 genera and 32 species. The most abundant genera were Psychodopygus, Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia the species Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis was the most abundant with 235 (18.5%) specimens, followed by Psychodopygus davisi with 228 (18%) and Nyssomyia antunesi with 135 (10.7%) individuals. The presence of Leishmania was detected in six species: Sciopemyia servulolimai, Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis, Evandromyia apurinan, Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli, Psychodopygus davisi, the estimated minimum infection rate was 0.84%.The Leishmania species were: Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and a sample identified only to the level of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) sp. The Leishmania infection detected in vector species / suspected vectors found in this work, suggests the involvement of these species in the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis in the municipality. Future investigations should be made to help elucidate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Lábrea as well as the state of Amazonas

Molecular Verification of New World Mansonella perstans Parasitemias

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-11-28T15:44:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina2_vicente_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 421617 bytes, checksum: 3a4c33a2062c4efcf8e8b998fcf730f7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-11-28T15:54:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina2_vicente_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 421617 bytes, checksum: 3a4c33a2062c4efcf8e8b998fcf730f7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T15:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina2_vicente_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 421617 bytes, checksum: 3a4c33a2062c4efcf8e8b998fcf730f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia. Laboratório de Entomologia. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. .Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazônia. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.We obtained ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences from residents of Amazonas state, Brazil, with Mansonella parasitemias. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirm that M. ozzardi and M. perstans parasites occur in sympatry and reveal the close relationship between M. perstans in Africa and Brazil, providing insights into the parasite’s New World origins

Molecular Verification of New World Mansonella perstans Parasitemias

We obtained ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences from residents of Amazonas state, Brazil, with Mansonella parasitemias. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirm that M. ozzardi and M. perstans parasites occur in sympatry and reveal the close relationship between M. perstans in Africa and Brazil, providing insights into the parasite’s New World origins

Blackflies in the ointment: O. volvulus vector biting can be significantly reduced by the skin-application of mineral oil during human landing catches

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-08-23T18:53:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TulioSilva_AnaCVicente_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2526494 bytes, checksum: 17abf412555c932a05e12bf140345ed0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-08-23T19:15:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TulioSilva_AnaCVicente_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2526494 bytes, checksum: 17abf412555c932a05e12bf140345ed0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T19:15:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TulioSilva_AnaCVicente_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2526494 bytes, checksum: 17abf412555c932a05e12bf140345ed0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto sensu em Biologia Parasitária. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno Hospedeiro (PPGBIO-Interação), Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno Hospedeiro (PPGBIO-Interação), Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil..Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.Standard human landing catches (sHLCs) have historically been a key component of Onchocerca volvulus transmission monitoring, but expose health-workers to potentially hazardous vector bites. Novel human-bait-free trapping methods have been developed, but do not always work where they are needed and may not generate O. volvulus surveillance data that is directly comparable with historic data. Methodology Simuliid sHLCs and mineral-oil protected HLCs (mopHLCs) were performed in a rural village of Amazonas state, Brazil. A four-hour direct comparisons of sHLCs and mopHLCs was carried-out using six vector collectors, each of whom used one leg for a sHLC and one for a mopHLC. Two-person collection teams then exclusively performed either mopHLCs or sHLCs for a further set of 12 four-hour collections. Following the completion of all collections, simuliid-bite mark estimates were made from legs used exclusively in sHLCs and legs used exclusively in mopHLCs. Principal findings All of the 1669 captured simuliids were identified as the O. volvulus vector Simulium oyapockense. Overall, mopHLC simuliids captured per hour (S/H) rates were lower than those obtained with sHLC trapping (15.5 S/H versus 20 S/H). Direct comparisons of simuliid capture rates found that vector-collectors captured simuliids significantly more efficiently (x 20.5 S/H) with mopHLC trapping than with sHLC trapping (x�: 16.4 S/H): P-value = 0.002. MopHLCs performed in isolation were, however, observed to capture vectors less efficiently (x�: 13.4 S/H) than sHLCs performed under similar conditions (x�: 19.98 S/H). All six vector collectors had significantly higher simuliid capture per counted bite mark (SC/CBM) rates using mopHLCs than they were observe to have using sHLCs (x�: 21 SC/CBM versus x�: 1 SC/CBM; p-value = 0.03125). Conclusions Vector collectors captured significantly more simuliids per counted bite mark with mopHLCs than with sHLCs. Further investigations into the utility of mopHLCs for onchocerciasis xenomonitoring and beyond are merited

Mansonella ozzardi mitogenome and pseudogene characterisation provides new perspectives on filarial parasite systematics and CO-1 barcoding

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-10T19:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anaC_paulovicente_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3212561 bytes, checksum: fca129c97dce54b8af3939fae4a1876c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-10T19:57:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anaC_paulovicente_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3212561 bytes, checksum: fca129c97dce54b8af3939fae4a1876c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-10T19:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anaC_paulovicente_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3212561 bytes, checksum: fca129c97dce54b8af3939fae4a1876c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / University of La Frontera. Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus. Temuco, Chile.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Entomologia. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno Hospedeiro. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Despite the broad distribution of M. ozzardi in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still very little DNA sequence data available to study this neglected parasite's epidemiology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, especially the cytochrome oxidase (CO1) gene's barcoding region, have been targeted successfully for filarial diagnostics and for epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary studies. MtDNA-based studies can, however, be compromised by unrecognised mitochondrial pseudogenes, such as Numts. Here, we have used shot-gun Illumina-HiSeq sequencing to recover the first complete Mansonella genus mitogenome and to identify several mitochondrial-origin pseudogenes. Mitogenome phylogenetic analysis placed M. ozzardi in the Onchocercidae "ONC5" clade and suggested that Mansonella parasites are more closely related to Wuchereria and Brugia genera parasites than they are to Loa genus parasites. DNA sequence alignments, BLAST searches and conceptual translations have been used to compliment phylogenetic analysis showing that M. ozzardi from the Amazon and Caribbean regions are near-identical and that previously reported Peruvian M. ozzardi CO1 reference sequences are probably of pseudogene origin. In addition to adding a much-needed resource to the Mansonella genus's molecular tool-kit and providing evidence that some M. ozzardi CO1 sequence deposits are pseudogenes, our results suggest that all Neotropical M. ozzardi parasites are closely related