AVALIAÇÃO ANTROPOMÉTRICA E HÁBITOS DE VIDA DE MULHERES A PARTIR DE 50 ANOS PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM UM PROGRAMA DE ORIENTAÇÃO FÍSICA E NUTRICIONAL EM SÃO LUÍS – MA

A relação entre atividade física, saúde, qualidade de vida e envelhecimento vem sendo cada vez mais discutida e analisada cientifcamente. Atualmente é praticamente um consenso entre os profssionais da área de saúde que a atividade física é um fator determinante no sucesso do processo de envelhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e hábitos de vida de mulheres a partir de 50 (cinquenta) anos participantes de um programa de atividade física e alimentação saudável da secretaria municipal de segurança alimentar em São Luís-MA. A pesquisa foi de natureza transversal, de base populacional, descritiva e exploratória. A população foi composta por 63 mulheres praticantes de atividade física com idade a partir de 50 anos, sendo 50,80%, de 50 a 59 anos, consideradas adultas e 49,20% a partir de 60 anos, consideradas idosas. Os resultados mostraram que dentre as mulheres adultas pesquisadas com idade de 50 e 59 anos ocorreu uma prevalência de  de sobrepeso (47%) e entre as idosas foi de normalidade. Todas as mulheres tinham ao menos uma patologia, e a doença mais frequente foi osteoporose. Conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres a partir de 50 anos mesmo participando de um programa de atividade física e alimentação saudável em São Luís-MA estão com sobrepeso ou acima do peso e possuem risco aumentado ou muito aumentado para desenvolver doenças crônicas, no entanto possuem hábitos de vida saudáveis.Descritores: Mulheres; Avaliação antropométrica; Atividade física; Hábitos de vida.Abstract:  Nutritional status evaluation and habits of women´s life from fifty years old attending a program of physical activity and healthy eating of the municipal food security in São Luis. The relationship between physical activity, health, quality of life and aging is increasingly being discussed and analyzed scientifically. Today is almost a consensus among health professionals that physical activity is a determinant factor in the success of the process of aging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and habits of women’s life from 50 (ffty) years old attending a program of physical activity and healthy eating of the municipal food security in Sao Luis, MA. The research was of cross-cutting nature and population-based, descriptive and exploratory. The population consisted of 63 physically active women aged from 50 years, being 50.80%, from 50 to 59 years considered adults and 49.20% from 60 years, considered elderly. The results showed that among adult women surveyed aged 50 and 59 years there was a prevalence of overweight (47%) and among elderly women was normal. All women had, at least, one pathology and the more frequent disease was osteoporosis. The conclusion was  that the majority of women from 50 years old  even participating in a   physical activity and healthy eating program in  Sao Luis-MA are overweight or have increased or greatly increased risk to develop chronic diseases, even having a healthy lifestyle. Descriptors: Women; Anthropometric assessment; Physical activity; Lifestyle

Expanding the knowledge about Leishmania species in wild mammals and dogs in the Brazilian savannah

Background: Wild, synanthropic and domestic mammals act as hosts and/or reservoirs of several Leishmania spp. Studies on possible reservoirs of Leishmania in different areas are fundamental to understand host-parasite interactions and develop strategies for the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated the Leishmania spp. occurrence in mammals in two conservation units and their surroundings in Brasília, Federal District (FD), Brazil. Methods: Small mammals were captured in Brasília National Park (BNP) and Contagem Biological Reserve (CBR) and dogs were sampled in residential areas in their vicinity. Skin and blood samples were evaluated by PCR using different molecular markers (D7 24Sα rRNA and rDNA ITS1). Leishmania species were identified by sequencing of PCR products. Dog blood samples were subjected to the rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP) for detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Results: 179 wild mammals were studied and 20.1% had Leishmania DNA successfully detected in at least one sample. Six mammal species were considered infected: Clyomys laticeps, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys rattus, Rhipidomys macrurus, Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus agilis. No significant difference, comparing the proportion of individuals with Leishmania spp., was observed between the sampled areas and wild mammal species. Most of the positive samples were collected from the rodent N. lasiurus, infected by L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis. Moreover, infections by Trypanosoma spp. were detected in N. lasiurus and G. agilis. All 19 dog samples were positive by DPP; however, only three (15.8%) were confirmed by PCR assays. DNA sequences of ITS1 dog amplicons showed 100% identity with L. infantum sequence. Conclusions: The results suggest the participation of six species of wild mammals in the enzootic transmission of Leishmania spp. in FD. This is the first report of L. amazonensis in N. lasiurus