IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION, MOLECULAR DOCKING, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS

Objective: The objective of the study was to perform in silico molecular docking and in vitro anticancer studies of proposed 1,2,4-triazole derivatives for the determination of their anticancer activity. Methods: A series of 10 triazole compounds with different substituents were drawn in ACD Lab ChemSketch software. Molecular and biological properties were identified using Molinspiration software. The compounds that obeyed Lipinski rule of five are subjected for pharmacokinetic parameters prediction and docking analysis. SwissDock ADME software is used for the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Then, the compounds are docked with target enzymes in Chimera software 1.14 version. The molecular docking studies revealed favorable molecular interactions and binding energies. The compounds that showed good docking results were synthesized through wet lab synthesis and further preceded for in vitro anticancer studies. Results: Three compounds are selected for wet lab synthesis due to their good docking results compared to other compounds. The synthesized compounds are subjected to different in vitro anticancer studies and found to be having potential anticancer activity. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic and docking studies conclude that the triazole compounds have potential as anticancer agents. The in vitro anticancer studies revealed that the triazole derivatives are having high potency of anticancer activity against pancreatic cell lines

Documentation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITKs) system prevalent among poultry farmers of Palakkad district, Kerala

A number of communities, most of which have distinctive long-established knowledge and know-how base, populate Kerala state. Indigenous technological knowledge can be encouraged through a scientific approach as one of the means of sustainable agricultural practices, which will be environment-friendly. ITK that are in practice all over rural India is little acknowledged and there is a threat of loss of this knowledge. Hence some of the local knowledge and technologies were studied and the importance of the same has been evaluated. The study was carried out within the scaffold of poultry farming and allied activities. A broad range of varied sectors including poultry housing, feeding and disease management were taken into account for the purpose of the study. It is observed from the study that farmers adopt traditional knowledge in every aspects of poultry farming including housing, brooding, feeding management, hatching process, seasonal management, poultry health management etc. The documented ITKs showed the richness of the time-tested traditional knowledge applied to animal husbandry in the region specified under the study.

Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia (TUGSE)-A Precursor of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is a benign, chronic, reactive, self-healing lesion. It is composed of abundant eosinophils and small lymphocytes. Several studies have shown varying observations on the relation of tissue eosinophilia with the prognosis of oral cancer. Here, we present a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with a non-healing ulcer on the lateral border of tongue, which was suggestive of TUGSE on histopathological examination. Patient was kept on strict monthly follow up and the second re-biopsy was suggestive of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Literature does not support the transformation of TUGSE to oral squamous cell carcinoma; however, our experience suggests a close vigilance of such lesions due to its high clinical resemblance to malignancy. Hence, repeat biopsies on regular basis is mandatory in cases where the clinical picture is highly suspicious

Development of compact bandpass filter using symmetrical metamaterial structures for GPS, ISM, Wi-MAX, and WLAN applications

This article describes the development of a compact microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) for multiple wireless communication utilizations. The proposed bandpass filter consists of metamaterial unit cells that are symmetrical in shape. The design process involves the placement of four symmetrical split-ring resonators (SRRs) on the top plane of the BPF. It exhibits improved filter characteristics through the implementation of these SRRs. The filter was modeled and fabricated and its performance was evaluated using a Vector Network Analyzer. The designed bandpass filter shows a 5 GHz bandwidth covering the frequency band spanning from 1 to 5.2 GHz, with a quality factor value of 1.85 across 1.9 GHz, 3.3 across 3.3 GHz and 5.1 across 5.1 GHz. The metamaterial analysis was carried out using ANSYS ELECTRONIC DESKTOP. The proposed filter measures 20 × 18 × 1.6 mm3, which is significantly smaller than current filters. The designed bandpass filter occupies 50% of the space of a conventional filter. The designed bandpass filter exhibits a distributed surface current of 84 A/m, and 94 A/m across the wide- and narrow-band operating frequency. The simulated and measured results indicate that the suggested metamaterial filter is well-suited for multiband wireless applications like GPS (1.57 GHz), WLAN (2.4, 3.6, and 5.2 GHz), Wi-MAX (2.3, 2.5, and 3.5 GHz), and ISM (2.5 GHz)

Conservation of seagrass beds with special reference to associated species and fishery resources

The southeast coast of India bordering Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay has luxuriant growth of seagrass beds which sustain good fisheries and is a biodiversity hotspot. Many fishers living along the coast depend on these resources for their livelihood. Several species of invertebrates and vertebrates fully depend on the seagrass resources for their survival and sustenance. In this paper, the diversity of species commonly associated with the seagrass beds and their present status is presented followed by the fisheries associated with this ecosystem. The type of fishing activities including the details of crafts, gears, number of fishers involved and catch statistics are presented. The main objective of this approach is to understand how the fishing activities influence the ecosystem and fishermen. Underwater monitoring and visual observations were documented through photographs and videos. Artisanal fishing activities such as bottom set gillnet, push net, lead-fish trap net and shore seine are in detail discussed and the conservation measures which are urgently required are also presented

Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive In Situ Gelling System of Ketoprofen

A revolutionary concept for achieving long-term medication release is the gastroretentive in situ gelling system. The goal of this research was to formulate and test a gastroretentive in situ gel for ketoprofen delivery to targeted site to increase the residence and delivery time. Ketoprofen gastroretentive in situ gels were synthesized using a cation-driven gelation approach using various combinations and concentrations of polymers such as gellan gum, sodium alginate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M. Visual appearance, pH, viscosity, in vitro gelation, in vitro buoyancy, drug content, density measurement, gel strength measurement, water uptake, and in vitro drug release were all evaluated. The total floating time was more than 12 h, with a floating lag time of less than 2 min. The formulations showed pH ranging from 6.89 to 7.61 and drug content ranging from 82.01% to 95.53%. For 11 h, the percent cumulative drug release of formulations F5 and F14, which contained a greater concentration of polymer sodium alginate (1.5%) and a combination of gellan gum and HPMC K100M (0.175% and 0.2%), was 84.10% and 85.49%, respectively. In vitro dissolution experiments and stability investigations both revealed no significant changes in drug content. The findings revealed that the formulated in situ gels aided in extending gastric residence duration, allowing the drug to be released in the stomach

Documentation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITKs) system prevalent among poultry farmers of Palakkad district, Kerala

505-513A number of communities, most of which have distinctive long-established knowledge and know-how base, populate Kerala state. Indigenous technological knowledge can be encouraged through a scientific approach as one of the means of sustainable agricultural practices, which will be environment-friendly. ITK that are in practice all over rural India is little acknowledged and there is a threat of loss of this knowledge. Hence some of the local knowledge and technologies were studied and the importance of the same has been evaluated. The study was carried out within the scaffold of poultry farming and allied activities. A broad range of varied sectors including poultry housing, feeding and disease management were taken into account for the purpose of the study. It is observed from the study that farmers adopt traditional knowledge in every aspects of poultry farming including housing, brooding, feeding management, hatching process, seasonal management, poultry health management etc. The documented ITKs showed the richness of the time-tested traditional knowledge applied to animal husbandry in the region specified under the study

Impact of a catastrophic flood on the heavy metal pollution status and the concurrent responses of the bentho-pelagic community in a tropical monsoonal estuary

Consequences of a catastrophic flood on the habitat quality and the concurrent responses of the bentho-pelagic community were studied in Cochin estuary, a eutrophic estuary along the southwest coast of India. The episodic flood in 2018 led to a marked decline in the dissolved nutrients and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments of the estuary. The pre-flood phytoplankton abundance dominated by a bloom-forming species Cerataulina bicornis experienced a significant drop after the flood. Contrarily, zooplankton and macrobenthos responded favorably towards the flood-imposed habitat alterations. Higher susceptibility to heavy metal pollution and increased grazing pressure from gelatinous carnivores restricted the abundance of Copepoda, the dominant zooplankton taxon during pre-flood. The lower heavy metal concentration in the sediment after the flood favored higher macrobenthic abundance and diversity with a conspicuous change in the community structure from opportunistic polychaetes, indicators of pollution to molluscans and crustaceans, indicators of the healthy benthic zones