13 research outputs found

    Clos switching network based reversible circuit synthesis

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    W pracy zaprezentowany jest efektywny obliczeniowo algorytm syntezy uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych oparty na komutacji po艂膮cze艅 w sieci prze艂膮czaj膮cej Closa. Zaproponowano heurystyki, kt贸re zmniejszaj膮 koszt generowanych uk艂ad贸w. Dla uk艂ad贸w o 3 wej艣ciach i wyj艣ciach podstawowa wersja algorytmu generuje uk艂ady o 艣rednim koszcie r贸wnym 131,1% kosztu uk艂adu optymalnego, za艣 pokazane heurystyki zmniejszaj膮 go do 113,7%.Synthesis of reversible Boolean functions (i.e. bijective mappings) is an emerging research area, mainly motivated by advances in quantum computing, nanotechnologies and low power design. The paper describes a computationally efficient reversible circuit synthesis algorithm. The presented synthesis algorithm decomposes the permutation realized by a reversible function into simpler permutations, which can be then directly mapped to reversible gates. The decomposition is based on the combinatorial theorems used by the Clos switching networks. In the paper analysis of the algorithm computational complexity is performed as well as some new heuristic modifications are proposed. These heuristics decrease the cost of generated circuits and reduce the required computation time. For all 3-input, 3-output reversible functions, the basic algorithm generates circuits that are 131.1% larger than the optimal one, while the introduced heuristics reduce it to 113.7%

    New rules for moving gates in reversible circuits

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    Jedn膮 z mo偶liwo艣ci redukcji uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych daje przesuwanie bramek. W pracy zaproponowano nowe regu艂y takich przesuni臋膰 dla uk艂ad贸w budowanych ze standardowej biblioteki bramek odwracalnych NCT. Umo偶liwiaj膮 one eliminacj臋 bramek o du偶ej liczbie wej艣膰/wyj艣膰, kt贸re maj膮 najwi臋kszy tzw. koszt kwantowy. Opracowane przez nas regu艂y mog膮 by膰 stosowane dla dowolnej liczby wej艣膰 uk艂adu. Umo偶liwia to projektowanie uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych o zredukowanym koszcie kwantowym. Podane przez nas przyk艂ady pokazuj膮, 偶e oszcz臋dno艣ci w por贸wnaniu z uk艂adami publikowanymi w literaturze mog膮 by膰 znaczne.Synthesis of reversible logic circuits is the most intensively studied topic of the research area called reversible computation (circuits are reversible if they represent bijective mappings). This new research area has applications in many fields of computer science, e.g. quantum computing, nanotechnologies, optical computing, digital signal processing, communications, bioinformatics, cryptography as well as in low power computation. Recent advances consist in reducing numbers of gates, garbage bits or quantum cost. Some reversible circuit synthesis algorithms generate circuits in which majority of gates have large or even maximal size (i.e. equal to the number of inputs/outputs. However, quantum cost of multi-control generalized Toffoli gates is very high. In this paper it is shown how to reduce the quantum cost of circuits by eliminating most of large gates or even all of them. Namely, a new subset of moving rules useful for reducing the quantum cost is presented. Using this subset, it is possible to reduce the number of maximal-size gates to zero for even functions, and to one for odd functions, according to the known theorem. In the paper substantial savings in the quantum cost are presented for designs taken from recent publications

    Comparison of Heuristic Complexity Measure Quality for Reversible Boolean Functions

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    Funkcja boolowska jest nazywana odwracaln膮, gdy jest wzajemnie jednoznaczna. W literaturze zaproponowano kilka heurystyk s艂u偶膮cych do syntezy odwracalnych uk艂ad贸w logicznych, jednak do tej pory nie znaleziono rozwi膮zania, kt贸re dawa艂oby zadowalaj膮ce wyniki. Przy pracach nad ulepszaniem tych algorytm贸w potrzebne jest dobre kryterium oceny jako艣ci poszczeg贸lnych heurystyk. W pracy pokazano jak wykorzysta膰 baz臋 optymalnych uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych do oceny dzia艂ania heurystyk oraz przedstawiono wyniki oblicze艅 pozwalaj膮cych na por贸wnanie ich efektywno艣ci.A Boolean logic function is reversible if it is a bijective mapping. Synthesis of such functions is motivated by advances in quantum computing, nanotechnologies and low power design. Several heuristic synthesis algorithms has been proposed, but so far none of them produces circuits of good quality in acceptable time. All of them are based on exploration of the search tree guided by a complexity measure function. Search for better algorithms is important and for this aim a good evaluation criterion of a heuristic complexity measure quality is needed. In this article the comparison of reversible function complexity measures known from the literature is made. Their accuracy is checked on the library of the optimal circuits of 3 inputs/outputs. The results are presented in Table 1. The numeric factor Q is introduced on the basis of calculating the probability of taking a wrong way in the search tree by a synthesis algorithm for every reversible function. This factor was calculated for five heuristic complexity measures and shown in Table 2. According to it the Reed-Muller spectrum based complexity measure gives best synthesis results, however there is still a lot of space for improvements

    Dekompozycje odwracalnych uk艂ad贸w logicznych

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    Results of research on decompositions of reversible circuits into blocks are presented where each block is constructed from one kind of gates. The main contribution of this paper consists in discovering that there exist more decompositions than the only one considered in the literature up to now. Moreover, it is shown that all of these decompositions correspond to circuits having different average minimal cost. This fact can be used in the future to guide heuristics in developing better algorithms for reversible logic circuit synthesis.Uk艂ad logiczny jest odwracalny, gdy liczba wej艣膰 jest r贸wna liczbie wyj艣膰, a funkcja realizowana przez ten uk艂ad jest wzajemnie jednoznaczna. Do tej pory tylko w jednej publikacji rozwa偶ano dekompozycj臋 uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych na takie bloki, z kt贸rych ka偶dy jest z艂o偶ony z bramek odwracalnych jednego typu. W pracy prezentujemy znalezione przez nas trzy inne dekompozycje uk艂ad贸w. Dzi臋ki znalezieniu przez nas wszystkich optymalnych uk艂ad贸w o trzech wej艣ciach i trzech wyj艣ciach, pokazali艣my, 偶e rozpatrywane przez nas nowe dekompozycje prowadz膮 do uk艂ad贸w o mniejszym koszcie ni偶 dla wcze艣niej rozpatrywanej dekompozycji. Zatem znalezione przez nas dekompozycje mog膮 mie膰 du偶e znaczenie przy konstruowaniu algorytm贸w syntezy odwracalnych uk艂ad贸w logicznych generuj膮cych uk艂ady o mniejszym koszcie ni偶 opublikowane dot膮d algorytmy

    Implementation of reversible circuits in semiconductor technologies

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    Dziedzina syntezy odwracalnych uk艂ad贸w logicznych jest rozwijana bardzo intensywnie. Zaproponowane zosta艂y nawet konstrukcje uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych z klasycznych element贸w p贸艂przewodnikowych. Wykazuj膮 one szereg zalet, m.in. mog膮 by膰 stosowane jako uk艂ady o bardzo ma艂ym poborze mocy lub s膮 w stanie realizowa膰 pewne klasy algorytm贸w oblicze艅 kwantowych. W poni偶szym referacie przedstawiamy przegl膮d rozwi膮za艅 realizacji uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych z wykorzystywaniem klasycznych element贸w p贸艂przewodnikowych.Synthesis of reversible functions (i.e. bijective mappings) is an emerging research area. It is mainly motivated by advances in quantum computing and application of reversible circuits to quantum computing. However, some research has also been done in the area of implementation of reversible circuits in classic semiconductor technologies. Such circuits, built mainly from CMOS transistors, reveal their advantages. They can be successfully applied to the area of low power design. Recently, more attention has also been given to such circuits as they can also be used to implement some classes of quantum algorithms and take the advantage of quantum computing to stretch the limits of the classical computation paradigms. This paper gives an overview of the present advances in the field of reversible circuits built in semiconductor technologies. It describes reversible circuits built from CMOS transistor based switching networks and principles of adiabatic circuits. The last part of the paper presents the foundation of quantum computatiosn that can be realized by reversible circuits with asynchronous feedback

    Techniques for constructing optimal reversible circuits

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    Dopiero w 2010 roku, po ca艂ej dekadzie bada艅, opracowano pierwsz膮 metod臋 syntezy optymalnych uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych dla dowolnych funkcji czterech zmiennych. Uk艂ady te budowane by艂y ze standardowej biblioteki bramek odwracalnych NCT, maj膮cych wy艂膮cznie tzw. pozytywne sterowanie. W pracy opisujemy wyniki naszych rozszerze艅 tej metody na przypadek minimalizowania kosztu kwantowego dla uk艂ad贸w o zadanej liczbie bramek, a tak偶e na uk艂ady budowane z bramek NCT o mieszanym sterowaniu (tzn. zar贸wno o pozytywnym, jak i negatywnym).computation (i.e. bijective mapping). This emerging research area has applications in many new areas of computer science, e.g. quantum computing, nanotechnologies, optical computing, digital signal processing, communications, bioinformatics, cryptography as well as in low power computation. Recent advances consist in reducing numbers of gates, garbage bits or quantum cost. Synthesis of optimal reversible circuits is a very hard problem even for small input/output circuits. In 2010 a method for construction of 4-input/output optimal circuits was developed for circuits constructed using reversible gates from NCT library [5]. In the paper we present a summary of the results of our extensions to this method. We have developed an approach for minimization of quantum cost of the 4-input/output circuits [7]. Our computational experiments have been conducted for two sets of reversible gates: a standard NCT library and extended mixed-polarity NCT library, which consists of gates with both positive and negative control lines. Using our tools we have found circuits for the known reversible benchmarks which have lower quantum cost than any of the best known implementations so far. Based on the data of our experiments we have made a statistical comparison of the optimal circuits built from standard NCT and libraries

    Designing reversible circuits in the LNN architecture

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    Najnowszy kierunek w projektowaniu kwantowych uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych uwzgl臋dnia fakt, 偶e interakcje odbywaj膮 si臋 tylko na s膮siaduj膮cych liniach. Ostatnio zaproponowano wiele algorytm贸w projektowania takich uk艂ad贸w oraz zajmowano si臋 ich optymalizacj膮. W pracy przedstawiony jest przegl膮d tych rozwi膮za艅 oraz perspektywy rozwoju tej wa偶nej dziedziny.Computation is called reversible if it is realized by circuits implementing bijective mappings. It is an emerging research area which has applications in many new areas of computer science, e.g. quantum computing, nanotechnologies, optical computing, digital signal processing, communications, bioinformatics, cryptography as well as low power computation. Quantum computation, which by nature is reversible, constitutes an especially attractive field of research due to a promise of an enormous speed-up of computing processes in the future. However, it has appeared that in some quantum technologies there are intrinsic limitations, namely, physically realizable operations would be only interactions between neighbor lines (also called qubits). As reversible circuits form a subset of quantum circuits there is a need to convert general reversible circuits into the so-called Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) architecture. In this architecture any gate operates between adjacent qubits only. Thus, recently there has been a new research objective to develop efficient methods for designing reversible circuits in the LNN architecture. This paper gives an overview of the present advances in this field

    Reversible programmable circuits

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    Pierwsze pr贸by nawi膮zania w dziedzinie oblicze艅 odwracalnych do uk艂ad贸w programowalnych pojawi艂y si臋 w roku 2001, kiedy zademonstrowano zalety ich regularnej struktury do implementacji funkcji boolowskich za pomoc膮 odwracalnych bramek logicznych. Od tego czasu zaproponowano kilka rozwi膮za艅 odwracalnych uk艂ad贸w programowalnych, kt贸re nazywane s膮 Reversible-PLA (R-PLA) i Reversible-FPGA (R-FPGA), oraz zajmowano si臋 optymalizacj膮 i testowaniem takich uk艂ad贸w. W pracy przedstawiono przegl膮d tych rozwi膮za艅 oraz perspektywy rozwoju tej wa偶nej dziedziny.Reversible computation (i.e. bijective mapping) is an emerging research area. It has applications in many new areas of computer science, e.g. quantum computing, nanotechnologies, optical computing, digital signal processing, communications, bioinformatics, cryptography as well as in low power computation. This paper gives an overview of the present advances in the field of reversible programmable logic gate structures. The first part describes an attempt [8] to construct regular structures of Reversible Programmable Logic Arrays (R-PLAs). The second part focuses on construction of Reversible Field Programmable Gate Arrays [15]. Both presented approaches are based on classic Boolean PLA and FPGA design, where each building block has been constructed from reversible gates. The main drawback of the R-PLA and R-FPGA approaches is the fact that they are based on classic Boolean building blocks, which in case of reversible logic require many additional signal lines to keep the circuit reversibility. Recent advances in this area consist in reducing the number of gates, garbage signal lines and overall quantum cost of the structures. When comparing design of such circuits with known reversible circuit synthesis approaches one might expect a real breakdown in terms of the circuit size and cost when R-PLA and R-FPGA structures will be constructed directly from reversible gates without an intermediate step with classic Boolean building blocks

    Algorithm for reversible circuit synthesis

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    W pracy przedstawiono koncepcj臋 nowego algorytmu syntezy uk艂ad贸w odwracalnych. Jest on oparty na oryginalnej reprezentacji zamiany wierszy w tablicy prawdy. Dla uk艂ad贸w o trzech wej艣ciach i trzech wyj艣ciach sformu艂owano kryteria takiego doboru bramek, aby otrzyma膰 uk艂ad zbli偶ony do optymalnego. Nast臋pnie podano przyk艂ad zastosowania przedstawionego algorytmu do syntezy uk艂ad贸w o trzech wej艣ciach i trzech wyj艣ciach z bramek Toffoliego.A gate or circuit is reversible if there is one-to-one correspondence between its input signals and output signals, i.e. if they implement bijective functions. Research on reversible logic circuits is motivated by advances in quantum computing, nanotechnology and low-power design. Recently, the attention has been focused on the synthesis of reversible circuits built from the NCT library of gates consisting of NOT, CNOT and Toffoli gates. This paper presents a novel algorithm for synthesis of reversible circuits. It is based on a new representation of row exchanges in the truth table. There is described how each possible row exchange determines the set of subsequent gates in a circuit, basing on the newly introduced cube of row exchanges. Next, the criteria for the choice of NCT reversible gates are formulated. For an exemplary function, the presented algorithm generates an optimal reversible circuit with 3 inputs and 3 outputs. It can also be generalized to any number of inputs and outputs

    Orthopedic diagnostics with ensembles of learning systems

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