Intermediate veins in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) kidney: authors’ own anatomical classification

Background: The use of domestic swine as an experimental animal is increasing steadily. Swine organs are the best animal model for urological experiments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the course and size of intermediate veins in a swine kidney. The research results were compared with the results obtained from studies on venous vascularisation of human kidneys. The knowledge of the above-mentioned vessels is important both in human and veterinary medicine and will enable researchers to compare and notice differences between human and swine organs. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 94 kidneys, 47 right ones and 47 left ones, taken from adult domestic swines (Sus scrofa domestica). The kidneys were prepared and corrosion casts were made. Results: The average lumen diameter of secondary intermediate veins was 7.96 mm. The average diameter of the primary intermediate veins directly inserted in the renal vein (type A) and primary intermediate veins inserted in the secondary intermediate veins (type B) amounted to 6.7 mm and 4.75 mm, respectively. The average length of primary intermediate veins of type A was 21.91 mm. Secondary intermediate veins were shorter — on average 19.83 mm. Primary intermediate veins of type B were on average 12.91 mm long. Conclusions: Intermediate veins are formed in the area of vascular anastomoses on the level of renal papillae. The following veins can be distinguished: primary intermediate veins of type A and type B, as well as secondary intermediate veins. Secondary intermediate veins and primary intermediate veins of type A run only on the ventral side of the renal pelvis. Only the primary intermediate veins of type B can run on the dorsal side. From the anatomy point of view, intermediate veins of swine kidneys are very similar to equivalent vessels in human kidneys as regards their run and anastomoses.

Partial pancreatic resection along the embryological fusion plane — no longer a fantasy

Background: The embryological connection between the dorsal and ventral pancreatic regions divides the pancreas into two segments. This anatomical dependence allows segmental pancreatic resection through the embryological fusion plane (EFP). The advantages of limited pancreatic resection are the preservation of the natural continuity and function of the gastrointestinal tract and the avoidance of the metabolic and endocrine consequences of total resectionof the pancreas and the duodenum. Materials and methods: Two patients are described who underwent anatomical segmentectomy of the pancreatic head along the EFP for the treatment of pancreatic cystic tumour and main duct intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm. The authors suggested diagnostic and intraoperative management leading to qualification for pancreatic resection along the EFP. Results: Pancreas and duodenum sparing surgery is an opportunity for patients in terms of the post-operative quality of life. Indications for this kind of surgery are limited and case selection is very difficult. The procedure for embryological bud resection is highly complicated includes a high rate of possible complications. On the other hand high volume centres may offer this procedure at an acceptable rate of complications in selected cases. Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis with a vascular anatomy and biliary and pancreatic duct configuration give grounds to analyse pancreas-sparing surgery. The operation plan requires careful three-dimensional planning and an experienced team. Bipolar electrocautery, micro-surgical tools and intraoperative cholangiography and pancreatography are helpful

Pairing Reentrance Phenomenon in Heated Rotating Nuclei in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Approach

Rotational motion of heated 72-Ge is studied within the microscopic Shell Model Monte Carlo approach. We investigate the the angular momentum alignment and nuclear pairing correlations associated with J-pi Cooper pairs as a function of the rotational frequency and temperature. The reentrance of pairing correlations with temperature is predicted at high rotational frequencies. It manifests itself through the anomalous behavior of specific heat and level density.Comment: 4 pages; 4 figure