Skutki kulturowe wywołane przez współczesne środki komunikacji

A communicative revolution, influenced by innovations in technology, brings considerable cultural changes. The consequence of globalization in culture is, among others, permeation of various cultural patterns, styles of life, ways of behaviour and values. One of the factors contributing to divisions and existent diversification in the contemporary society is the access to information and knowledge. Knowledge and information, having become the good, have taken on the economic and political meaning. Information manipulation constitutes one of the possible means of influencing people being shaped to a large extent by the means of mass communication these days. The development of multimedia techniques is one of the factors threatening “the identity of humanity” . The integrity of a human being is threatened by both the possibility of intervention and manipulation the contemporary technology brings, and, consequently, changes that are caused by it. It can be stated that the means of mass communication have changed our reality to a large extent

Man and modern information technologies

The scope of changes caused by the application of information techniques in various areas of human activities makes it difficult to name such a field of an individual or collective life of a man which would not be under the influence of these techniques. Lately much is written about a man’s addiction to a technological consumption and an interactivity. It is often said that a contemporary man lives in the world of ‘total information’ which changes his cultural and social environment. The development of multimedia techniques is one of the factors threatening a man`s identity. Nevertheless, the researchers draw attention to psychic dysfunctions which are caused by the computer technology. The latest scientific reports concerning the influence of the Internet on our brain are alarming. Man functioning in the Internet may cause chaotic thinking, cursory reading and surface learning. Physically repeated actions and mental activity have an influence on neuronal brain circuits. The Internet may appear to be the technology having the greatest impact on a human brain

Wątki elitaryzmu w polskiej myśli filozoficzno-społecznej początku XX wieku

This article shows the leading role of the elite in creating cultural heritage. Since the subject of reflection has been the society, carried out on the search for distinctive features of outstanding individuals. Many thinkers emphasized the culture-forming, nation-forming and political importance of the elites. Most often in the concepts of the elitist his influence on the direction of social development. The elitist tendencies culminated in the early twentieth century. Also in the works of Polish thinkers can be found threads of elitism

Globalization – chances and risks in the cultural sphere

The process of globalization leads to the search for its roots, the search for support in its native culture, the defense of what is characteristic and individual for the community. It does not indicate the end of cultural diversity and identity despite the standardization of behavior and homogenization of behavior standards, values system and so-called mass culture. Globalization leads to the standardization of consumer behaviors of the destandardized style of life. At the same time, it is noticeable that the attempts of unification of culture standards sometimes lead to the opposing reactions directed at the protection of national cultures and the defense of national identity as well. There are opinions that the promotion of the consumer culture and the disappearance of communication barriers will lead to the mutual dialogue and understanding between cultures and civilizations. Nowadays, we know it sometimes may cause conflicts between civilizations. Globalization has also aroused anxiety in societies and people will look for their own identity in particularistic references: religious, cultural and national

New pathomorphological classification of melanomas

Melanoma is a neoplasm whose biology we are getting to know better and better. The consequence of this is the latest edition of “WHO Classification of Skin Tumours 4th edition, 2018”. The division presented in this paper takes into account the character of growth and location of melanoma, but also results from the analysis of the most frequent mutations oc­curring in this neoplasm. The assessment of the stage of melanoma progression, based on two most important prognostic microscopic features, i.e. the depth of infiltration and the presence or absence of ulceration, remains valid

Myśl historiozoficzna i filozofia społeczna Jana Karola Kochanowskiego

The book constitutes a monograph bringing closer the viewpoints of Jan Karol Kochanowski, a little-known Polish thinker. The issues Kochanowski dealt with were concerned with historiosophy and social philosophy. He was particularly interested in the individual-mass relationship. The introduction of the individual-mass antithesis enabled Kochanowski to show the mechanism shaping the human history. A historiosopher treats an individual and mass as equal sources of the historical dynamics — after each period of social “equality” there is a period of “inequality”. Kochanowski was also interested in the issue of the crisis of contemporary civilization. Searching for he way out of the crisis, he hoped in Christianity claiming that it is only the turn to Christian ideals that can save the contemporary civilization. Kochanowski’s thought has many features in common with the assumptions of both psychologism and sociologism, though the former must have been closer to him. His viewpoints reflect a combination of the psychology of the crowd with that of nations, which in the Polish works, was a novelty perspective. Kochanowski thought that historians should regard the human and national psyche as the main source of historical facts. According to him, social processes can be explained referring to the individual psyche. Methodologically speaking, he was in favour of psychologism. Kochanowski preached elitarism. This is a theory of elites and crowd which should be emphasized in his writings. He also described the role of outstanding individuals during the revolution in an interesting way. What needs to be paid attention to is his characteristic of the leaders’ attitude to the crowd. Kochanowski, as one of the first in the Polish works, based his considerations on the psychology of crowds. He also touched upon the issue of the nation that was really important for Poles. He was interested in the issue of mental differences between nations and claimed that each nation represents a particular mental type which influences its history and culture. He entered into a discussion on the future of Poland and the very viewpoints can be ascribed to the trend of apologetic deliberations. Kochanowski’s thought encompasses various ideal trends appearing at the beginning of the 20th century. That is why the work pays attention to the similarities of his thought and opinions expressed by other philosophers at that time

Przyszłość cywilizacji zachodniej w myśli społecznej Feliksa Młynarskiego

The proclamation of pessimistic visions of the future of western civilisation was a characteristic feature of the Polish social thought in the first half of the 20th century. However, there are also concepts in which the future of humanity was presented optimistically. They include the philosophy of history by Feliks Młynarski. In the opinion of the philosopher, the history of humanity is arranged according to the opposition of individualism and universalism. The western civilisation stands at the threshold of advantageous changes which lead it towards the rule of individualism. In the future, the creative initiative of a human unit will be appreciated, it will be the time of social justice and human freedom

Tumor-like calcinosis — a case report

Przedstawiono diagnostykę rozległego guza okolicy łopatki u 35-letniego mężczyzny obciążonego wieloletnią schyłkową niewydolnością nerek. Na podstawie badań obrazowych i charakterystycznego obrazu mikroskopowego rozpoznano: wapnienie guzowate tkanek miękkich w przebiegu przewlekłej niewydolności nerek z wtórną nadczynnością przytarczyc. Omówiono najważniejsze cechy kliniczne, diagnostykę radiologiczną i histopatologiczną oraz główne cele leczenia.The diagnostics of massive tumor located in scapula region of a 35-year old male with an end-stage renal failure was presented. Both the radiological findings and histological examination of biopsy material established a diagnosis of tumor-like calcinosis in soft tissue accompanying chronic renal failure with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical characteristics, radiological and histological image as well as main therapeutical options were discussed

Nowotwory podścieliskowe przewodu pokarmowego (GIST) — 2018

Nowotwory podścieliskowe przewodu pokarmowego (GIST) są najczęstszymi nowotworami pochodzenia mezenchymalnego w obrębie przewodu pokarmowego. Nowotwory te, dzięki postępom w diagnostyce patologiczno-molekularnej, stanowią model leczenia ukierunkowanego molekularnie w onkologii. W pracy przedstawiono postępy dotyczące diagnostyki i terapii tych nowotworów opracowane na podstawie najnowszych danych naukowych. Radykalne leczenie operacyjne jest nadal najskuteczniejszą metodą leczenia pierwotnych GIST, jednakże nowotwór ten cechuje duży potencjał nawrotowości, stąd w każdym przypadku GIST należy ocenić ewentualne zastosowanie leczenia uzupełniającego imatynibem. W przypadkach zmian nieoperacyjnych/rozsianych leczeniem z wyboru jest zastosowanie inhibitora kinaz tyrozynowych — imatynibu. W przypadku progresji zaleca się zwiększenie dawki imatynibu do 800 mg na dobę, a w przypadku braku skuteczności zastosowanie sunitynibu w dawce początkowej 50 mg dziennie, a następnie sorafenibu/regorafenibu lub kwalifikacja do badań klinicznych nad nowymi lekami (np. BLU-285 lub DCC2618)