348 research outputs found
Comment on "Late-time tails of a self-gravitating massless scalar field revisited" by Bizon et al: The leading order asymptotics
In Class. Quantum Grav. 26 (2009) 175006 (arXiv:0812.4333v3) Bizon et al
discuss the power-law tail in the long-time evolution of a spherically
symmetric self-gravitating massless scalar field in odd spatial dimensions.
They derive explicit expressions for the leading order asymptotics for
solutions with small initial data by using formal series expansions.
Unfortunately, this approach misses an interesting observation that the actual
decay rate is a product of asymptotic cancellations occurring due to a special
structure of the nonlinear terms. Here, we show that one can calculate the
leading asymptotics more directly by recognizing the special structure and
cancellations already on the level of the wave equation.Comment: 7 pages; minor simplifications in the notation; some comments
withdrawn or rewritten after improvements in the new version (v3) of the
commented paper; 1 reference adde
Asymptotics from scaling for nonlinear wave equations
We present a scaling technique which transforms the evolution problem for a
nonlinear wave equation with small initial data to a linear wave equation with
a distributional source. The exact solution of the latter uniformly
approximates the late-time behavior of solutions of the nonlinear problem in
timelike and null directions.Comment: 14 pages; minor changes (notation, typos
Tails for the Einstein-Yang-Mills system
We study numerically the late-time behaviour of the coupled Einstein
Yang-Mills system. We restrict ourselves to spherical symmetry and employ
Bondi-like coordinates with radial compactification. Numerical results exhibit
tails with exponents close to -4 at timelike infinity and -2 at future
null infinity \Scri.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Optical lattice quantum simulator for QED in strong external fields: spontaneous pair creation and the Sauter-Schwinger effect
Spontaneous creation of electron-positron pairs out of the vacuum due to a
strong electric field is a spectacular manifestation of the relativistic
energy-momentum relation for the Dirac fermions. This fundamental prediction of
Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) has not yet been confirmed experimentally as the
generation of a sufficiently strong electric field extending over a large
enough space-time volume still presents a challenge. Surprisingly, distant
areas of physics may help us to circumvent this difficulty. In condensed matter
and solid state physics (areas commonly considered as low energy physics), one
usually deals with quasi-particles instead of real electrons and positrons.
Since their mass gap can often be freely tuned, it is much easier to create
these light quasi-particles by an analogue of the Sauter-Schwinger effect. This
motivates our proposal of a quantum simulator in which excitations of
ultra-cold atoms moving in a bichromatic optical lattice represent particles
and antiparticles (holes) satisfying a discretized version of the Dirac
equation together with fermionic anti-commutation relations. Using the language
of second quantization, we are able to construct an analogue of the spontaneous
pair creation which can be realized in an (almost) table-top experiment.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure
Saddle-point dynamics of a Yang-Mills field on the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime
We consider the Cauchy problem for a spherically symmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills
field propagating outside the Schwarzschild black hole. Although solutions
starting from smooth finite energy initial data remain smooth for all times,
not all of them scatter since there are non-generic solutions which
asymptotically tend to unstable static solutions. We show that a static
solution with one unstable mode appears as an intermediate attractor in the
evolution of initial data near a border between basins of attraction of two
different vacuum states. We study the saddle-point dynamics near this
attractor, in particular we identify the universal phases of evolution: the
ringdown approach, the exponential departure, and the eventual decay to one of
the vacuum states.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Late-time tails of a Yang-Mills field on Minkowski and Schwarzschild backgrounds
We study the late-time behavior of spherically symmetric solutions of the
Yang-Mills equations on Minkowski and Schwarzschild backgrounds. Using
nonlinear perturbation theory we show in both cases that solutions having
smooth compactly supported initial data posses tails which decay as at
timelike infinity. Moreover, for small initial data on Minkowski background we
derive the third-order formula for the amplitude of the tail and confirm
numerically its accuracy.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Zinc isotopes from archaeological bones provide reliable trophic level information for marine mammals
In marine ecology, dietary interpretations of faunal assemblages often rely on nitrogen isotopes as the main or only applicable trophic level tracer. We investigate the geographic variability and trophic level isotopic discrimination factors of bone zinc 66Zn/64Zn ratios (δ66Zn value) and compared it to collagen nitrogen and carbon stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) values. Focusing on ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from multiple Arctic archaeological sites, we investigate trophic interactions between predator and prey over a broad geographic area. All proxies show variability among sites, influenced by the regional food web baselines. However, δ66Zn shows a significantly higher homogeneity among different sites. We observe a clear trophic spacing for δ15N and δ66Zn values in all locations, yet δ66Zn analysis allows a more direct dietary comparability between spatially and temporally distinct locations than what is possible by δ15N and δ13C analysis alone. When combining all three proxies, a more detailed and refined dietary analysis is possible
Late-time tails of a self-gravitating massless scalar field, revisited
We discuss the nonlinear origin of the power-law tail in the long-time
evolution of a spherically symmetric self-gravitating massless scalar field in
even-dimensional spacetimes. Using third-order perturbation method, we derive
explicit expressions for the tail (the decay rate and the amplitude) for
solutions starting from small initial data and we verify this prediction via
numerical integration of the Einstein-scalar field equations in four and six
dimensions. Our results show that the coincidence of decay rates of linear and
nonlinear tails in four dimensions (which has misguided some tail hunters in
the past) is in a sense accidental and does not hold in higher dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, one reference added, updated to conform with
published versio
Octupole transitions in the 208Pb region
The 208Pb region is characterised by the existence of collective octupole states.
Here we populated such states in 208Pb + 208Pb deep-inelastic reactions. γ-ray angular
distribution measurements were used to infer the octupole character of several E3 transitions.
The octupole character of the 2318 keV 17− → 14+ in 208Pb, 2485 keV 19/2
− → 13/2
+ in
207Pb, 2419 keV 15/2
− → 9/2
+ in 209Pb and 2465 keV 17/2
+ → 11/2
− in 207Tl transitions was
demonstrated for the first time. In addition, shell model calculations were performed using two
different sets of two-body matrix elements. Their predictions were compared with emphasis on
collective octupole states.This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council
(STFC), UK, US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357
and DE-FG02-94ER40834, NSF grant PHY-1404442
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