Free vibrations of an unbounded periodically reinforced elastic layer

The object of analysis is an unbounded layer made of two isotropic, linear elastic materials and periodically laminated along the Ox1 axis (cf. Fig.1). The layer is resting on the rigid base. It is assumed that the laminas are homogeneous and their number is very large. Hence we deal with a certain microstructured layer. The aim of this contribution is to propose a certain mass discretized model for the analysis of vibrations of the layer. It is shown that there exist two kinds of these vibrations which are independent of x2 and x3 coordinates

Cumulant expansion for studying damped quantum solitons

The quantum statistics of damped optical solitons is studied using cumulant-expansion techniques. The effect of absorption is described in terms of ordinary Markovian relaxation theory, by coupling the optical field to a continuum of reservoir modes. After introduction of local bosonic field operators and spatial discretization pseudo-Fokker-Planck equations for multidimensional s-parameterized phase-space functions are derived. These partial differential equations are equivalent to an infinite set of ordinary differential equations for the cumulants of the phase-space functions. Introducing an appropriate truncation condition, the resulting finite set of cumulant evolution equations can be solved numerically. Solutions are presented in Gaussian approximation and the quantum noise is calculated, with special emphasis on squeezing and the recently measured spectral photon-number correlations [Spaelter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 786 (1998)].Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, revtex, psfig, multicols, published in Phys.Rev.

Development and validation of DNA Methylation scores in two European cohorts augment 10-year risk prediction of type 2 diabetes

This is the author accepted manuscriptAvailability of Data and Material: According to the terms of consent for Generation Scotland participants, access to data must be reviewed by the Generation Scotland Access Committee. Applications should be made to [email protected]. All code is available with open access at the following Gitlab repository: https://github.com/marioni-group MethylPipeR (version 1.0.0) is available at: https://github.com/marioni-group/MethylPipeR MethylPipeR-UI is available at: https://github.com/marioni-group/MethylPipeR-UI. The informed consents given by KORA study participants do not cover data posting in public databases. However, data are available upon request from KORA Project Application Self Service Tool (https://epi.helmholtz-muenchen.de/). Data requests can be submitted online and are subject to approval by the KORA Board.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) presents a major health and economic burden that could be alleviated with improved early prediction and intervention. While standard risk factors have shown good predictive performance, we show that the use of blood-based DNA methylation information leads to a significant improvement in the prediction of 10-year T2D incidence risk. Previous studies have been largely constrained by linear assumptions, the use of CpGs one-at43 a-time, and binary outcomes. We present a flexible approach (via an R package, MethylPipeR) based on a range of linear and tree-ensemble models that incorporate time-to-event data for prediction. Using the Generation Scotland cohort (training set ncases=374, ncontrols=9,461; test set ncases=252, ncontrols=4,526) our best-performing model (Area Under the Curve (AUC)=0.872, Precision Recall AUC (PRAUC)=0.302) showed notable improvement in 10-year onset prediction beyond standard risk factors (AUC=0.839, PRAUC=0.227). Replication was observed in the German-based KORA study (n=1,451, ncases = 142, p=1.6x10-5 49 ).Wellcome TrustChief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health DirectoratesScottish Funding Counci

Methamphetamine Inhibits the Glucose Uptake by Human Neurons and Astrocytes: Stabilization by Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Methamphetamine (METH), an addictive psycho-stimulant drug exerts euphoric effects on users and abusers. It is also known to cause cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity. Here, we hypothesized that METH exposure impairs the glucose uptake and metabolism in human neurons and astrocytes. Deprivation of glucose is expected to cause neurotoxicity and neuronal degeneration due to depletion of energy. We found that METH exposure inhibited the glucose uptake by neurons and astrocytes, in which neurons were more sensitive to METH than astrocytes in primary culture. Adaptability of these cells to fatty acid oxidation as an alternative source of energy during glucose limitation appeared to regulate this differential sensitivity. Decrease in neuronal glucose uptake by METH was associated with reduction of glucose transporter protein-3 (GLUT3). Surprisingly, METH exposure showed biphasic effects on astrocytic glucose uptake, in which 20 µM increased the uptake while 200 µM inhibited glucose uptake. Dual effects of METH on glucose uptake were paralleled to changes in the expression of astrocytic glucose transporter protein-1 (GLUT1). The adaptive nature of astrocyte to mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acid appeared to contribute the survival of astrocytes during METH-induced glucose deprivation. This differential adaptive nature of neurons and astrocytes also governed the differential sensitivity to the toxicity of METH in these brain cells. The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine for enhanced production of ATP from fatty oxidation in glucose-free culture condition validated the adaptive nature of neurons and astrocytes. These findings suggest that deprivation of glucose-derived energy may contribute to neurotoxicity of METH abusers

Investigation of fuel film formation and its disappearance during the injection of the petrol and biofuel E85

W artykule przedstawiono badania wizualizacyjne wtrysku benzyny oraz biopaliwa E85 zawierającego 70% etanolu i 30% benzyny do przeźroczystego przewodu dolotowego silnika spalinowego. Do badań użyto silnika C20LE Holden zasilanego układem sekwencyjnego wtrysku paliwa do kolektora dolotowego oraz kamerę do rejestracji procesów szybkozmiennych. Omówiono metodykę wyznaczania procentowego pokrycia paliwa w przewodzie dolotowym oraz przeprowadzono analizę otrzymanych wyników. Zamieszczono wyniki z badań dla kilku punktów pracy silnika przy zasilaniu benzyną oraz bioetanolem E85. Wykazano istnienie znaczących różnic w zachowaniu strugi oraz powstawaniu filmu paliwowego w zależności od wtryskiwanego paliwa.The paper presents a study of visualization of injection by petrol and biofuel E85 of 70% of ethanol and 30% of petrol into a transparent intake duct of an internal combustion engine. The Holden C20LE engine powered with a system of sequential fuel injection into an intake manifold and a camera to record high-frequency processes were used for the research. The methodology of determining the percentage coverage of fuel in an intake duct and the results obtained are discussed in the paper. Done for several operating points for fuelling by petrol and E85, the research demostrates significant discrepancies in the behaviour of fuel jet and fuel film formation according to the type of fuel injected

The comparative research on the occurrence of the fuel film phenomenon in petrol and ethanol fuelled engines

Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono w celu określenia różnic w procesie tworzenia mieszanki paliwowo-powietrznej podczas zasilania silnika benzyną i biopaliwem E85 w stanach dynamicznych. Badania przeprowadzono na 4 cylindrowym 2.0l silniku z wtryskiem pośrednim. Wyjaśniono wpływ prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego i ciśnienia w układzie dolotowym na względne wartości dynamicznego błędu sterowania składem mieszanki w silniku o ZI z pośrednim wtryskiem paliwa, po dodaniu do benzyny alkoholu etylowego. Zaobserwowano, że podczas badań hamownianych, z reguły dynamika sygnału λ dla zasilana biopaliwem była wolniejsza niż w przypadku zasilania benzyną. Wykazano, że konwersja samochodów do zdolności spalania paliw zawierających alkohol etylowy wymaga kalibracji współczynników dynamicznych w stanach nieustalonych.An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the certain significant differences in the air-fuel mixture formation for gasoline and E85 fuelled engines under dynamic conditions. An indirect injection 4 cylinder 2.0l engine was tested. The study explains the correlation between a relative dynamic error in controlling a mixture composition in and SI indirect injection engine and crankshaft speed and inlet pressure when ethanol is added to gasoline. As noticed, λ dynamics was generally slower for biofuel than that of gasoline. This paper shows that dynamic coefficients need to be calibrated under unsteady conditions to convert vehicles to be able to burn ethanol based fuels

Crank-Piston Model of Internal Combustion Engine using CAD/CAM/CAE in the MSC Adams

The article presents the modeling and simulation of the crank-piston model of internal combustion engine. The object of the research was the engine of the vehicle from the B segment. The individual elements of the gasoline engine were digitizing using the process of reverse engineering. After converting the geometry, assembling was imported to MSC Adams software. The crank-piston system was specified by boundary conditions of piston forces applied on the pistons crowns. This force was obtain from the cylinder pressure recorded during the tests, that were carried out on a chassis dynamometer. The simulation studies allowed t determine the load distribution in a dynamic state for the se-lected kinematic pairs

Rozkład temperatury w wieloskładnikowym wielowarstwowym kompozycie o funkcyjnej gradacji własności efektywnych

The object of analysis is a heat conduction problem within the frames of tolerance modelling in multicomponent, multilayered composites with functional gradation of effective material properties. The equations of proposed model for considered composites are partial differential equations with slowly-varying coefficients. The one-dimensional, stationary problem of heat conduction in direction perpendicular to layers will be analysed.Przedmiotem rozważań jest modelowanie tolerancyjne przewodnictwa ciepła w wieloskładnikowych wielowarstwowych kompozytach o funkcyjnej gradacji własności efektywnych. Zaproponowane równania modelu dla analizowanych kompozytów są równaniami różniczkowymi cząstkowymi z wolnozmiennymi współczynnikami. Wyznaczono rozkład przybliżonej temperatury dla jednowymiarowego stacjonarnego zagadnienia przewodnictwa ciepła w kierunku prostopadłym do uwarstwienia