Ultrastructure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Conomelus anceps and Metcalfa pruinosa (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)

Endosymbiotic microorganisms commonly occur in fulgoromorphans, as in other plant sap-sucking hemipterans. Large syncytial organs termed mycetomes are present in the body cavities of Conomelus anceps (Delphacidae) and Metcalfa pruinosa (Flatidae), in the close vicinity of the ovaries. The mycetomes are surrounded by a one-layered epithelium. The mycetome cytoplasm is filled with yeast-like symbiotic microorganisms (YLSs). The YLSs are transovarially transmitted to the next generation. The endosymbionts are released from the mycetomes and migrate towards the ovarioles containing vitellogenic oocytes. The YLSs pass through the cells of the ovariole stalk (pedicel) and enter the perivitelline space. Then, a deep depression is formed at the posterior pole of the oocyte. The YLSs accumulate in the oocyte depression and form a characteristic "symbiont ball". The mycetome cytoplasm of Metcalfa pruinosa as well as epithelial cells surrounding the mycetome contain small, rod-shaped bacteria

Thermal and long period stability of series of V(V), V(IV) and V(III) complex with Schiff base ligands in solid state

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of three new complexes of vanadium at +5, +4 and +3 oxidation state are described and discussed. The octahedral surrounding of vanadium for V(III) complexes of [V(L1)(HL1)] general formula is filled with two ONO tridentate ligand L, for V(IV) one ONO ligand L, oxido ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a co-ligand are presented in complexes of [VO(L2)(phen)]. For V(V) the complexes of [VO2(L1)(solv)] type were formed. As ligands, the H2L Schiff bases were formed in reaction between 5-hydroxysalcylaldehyde and phenylacetic hydrazide (H2L1) and 3,5- dichlorosalicyaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide (L2). The magnetic moment measurements, in 8 year period, show, that V(III) complexes slowly oxidise to V(IV) with preservation of the nonoxido character of the complexes, while V(IV) complexes were found to be stable. The TG and SDTA measurements indicate, that thermal stability depends mainly on the oxidation state of vanadium. The less thermally stable are the V(V) complexes, while V(IV) and V(III) are stable up to ca. 200oC. In solution, at pH 2 (similar to that in human digestion system), again the V(IV) are the most stable, only at pH 7.0 V(III) complexes had higher stability. The most stable, thus best for pharmaceutical use, are V(IV) complexes

Endosymbiotic microorganisms of aphids (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Aphidoidea) : ultrastructure, distribution and transovarial transmission

Eriosomatidae (Pemphigus spyrothecae, Prociphilus fraxini), Anoeciidae [Anoecia (Anoecia) corni], Drepanosiphidae [Mindarus abietinus, Sipha (Rungsia) maydis, Clethrobius comes, Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii], Thelaxidae (Thelaxes dryophila), Aphididae (Delphiniobium junackianum, Aphis viburni, Cavariella theobaldi, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria) and Lachnidae (Schizolachnus pineti, Eulachnus rileyi) were studied at the ultrastructural level. The ovaries of aphids are accompanied by large organs termed bacteriomes that consist of giant cells termed bacteriocytes. The bacteriocyte cytoplasm is tightly packed with endosymbiotic bacteria. Ultrastructural observations have shown that the bacteria Buchnera aphidicola (primary symbiont of aphids) present in various species are characterized by significant differences in both size and organization of their cytoplasm. In the aphids, Prociphilus fraxini, Sipha (Rungsia) maydis, Thelaxes dryophila, Aphis viburni, Cavariella theobaldi, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria, Eulachnus rileyi and Schizolachnus pineti, in addition to Buchnera aphidicola, secondary endosymbionts are also present. The bacteriocytes containing secondary endosymbionts are less numerous than those with Buchnera. In Eulachnus rileyi (Lachnidae), in addition to primary and secondary endosymbionts, there is a third type of microorganism. In all species examined both the primary and secondary endosymbionts are transovarially transmitted from mother to offspring

Synthesis, structure and properties of V(V) monooxido complex with ONO tridentate Schiff base

The oxidovanadium(V) Schiff base complex of formula [VO(L)(EtO)(EtOH)] (where H2L = Schiff base ligand derived from 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde and phenylacetic hydrazide) was synthesized and described. Complex crystalizes in triclinic P-1 space group. Octahedral geometry of the vanadium(V) centre is filed with oxido, ONO L2- ligand and two solvent molecules both in ethoxo and as neutral ethanol form. The complex is neutral, with 5- and 6-memebered ring formed by ONO ligand coordinated in octahedral plane with oxido and EtOH ligands in vertical positions. Two isomers are present in the unit cell, with different position of 5-membered ring versus vertical plane. The elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetry and spectroscopy (IR, UV-Vis) measurements were measured and are discussed. The cyclic voltammetry measurements show irreversible processes for vanadium(IV/V) redox system. Thermal stability both in a solid state (TG and SDTA measurements) as well as in solutions (at pH 7.0 and 2.0, studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy) is discussed