23 research outputs found
Transformations in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 B. C.
Um die Zeit des Vulkanausbruchs von Thera fanden wichtige
VerÀnderungen im Karpatenbecken statt. Diese sogenannte
Koszider Epoche korrespondiert mit der letzten Phase der
mittleren Bronzezeit in der ungarischen Terminologie und
stellt den Ăbergang zur spĂ€ten Bronzezeit dar. Die Untersuchung
dieser Epoche hat sich bisher als kontrovers erwiesen
â sowohl unter ungarischen als auch mitteleuropĂ€ischen Wissenschaftlern.
Erst in den letzten Jahren ist diese Epoche nicht
mehr als kurzer Zeitraum, mit der ein bestimmtes historisches
Ereignis verbunden werden kann, interpretiert worden.
Vielmehr sieht man sie nun als eine lÀnger dauernde Periode
an, welche die BlĂŒtezeit der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken
markiert und die mit einschneidenden VerÀnderungen
endet.
Die Hauptelemente dieses Wandels sind allerdings noch
unklar. Unser Ziel ist es, den Wandel durch den Vergleich verschiedener
Aspekte dreier aufeinanderfolgender Phasen zu
untersuchen. Am Ende sollen einige neue ErwÀgungen stehen,
die die bisherigen Interpretationen dieser VerÀnderungen
erweitern können. | Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations
occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called
Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the
Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and
represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment
of the period has been controversial among both Hungarian
and central European scholars. In the past few years
this period has been interpreted not as a short »horizon« connected
to a specific historical event, but as a longer period
that represented the heyday of the MBA in the Carpathian
Basin, which ended with significant transformations. The
main elements of this transformation, however, are still unclear.
Our aim is to investigate this transformation through
the comparison of several aspects of three subsequent phases
and to amend the previously offered interpretations of the
changes with a few new considerations
Sacrifice, warfare, or burial? Middle Bronze Age "mass graves" from Ărd and MakĂł, Hungary
During the past two decades, the study of human remains
from prehistoric settlements has gained new momentum in
Hungary. The phenomenon of burials within settlements can
be observed in many phases but was perhaps most prominent
during the Copper and Bronze Ages. Thanks to the large-scale rescue excavations of the last few decades, our database of relevant material has increased considerably, shedding new light on previously excavated assemblages as well. In our paper, we present burials from two Middle Bronze Age settlements in Hungary that yielded a series of skeletons and human remains, some of which showed traces of violence and perimortem trauma. We establish that at both sites the human depositions showed significant variability, indicating diverse cultural practices. A number of characteristics of these »mass graves« support the hypothesis that they may have been associated with some form of sacrifice and ritual violence, rather than warfare or other causes of death. Chronological data indicate a prolonged tradition of series of ritual acts, sacrifices, and possibly the secondary manipulation of human bodies
MΩMOÎŁ XII â Ćskoros KutatĂłk Ăsszejövetele. Ćskori Ă©telmĂłdok. Debrecen, 2022. mĂĄjus 18â20.
Az elmĂșlt több mint egy Ă©v jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi helyzete miatt
a következĆ, eredetileg 2021-re tervezett, Debrecenben tartandĂł MΩMOÎŁ konferenciĂĄt sajnos el kellett
halasztanunk. BĂĄr a jelenlegi helyzet is bizonytalan, Ășgy gondoljuk, hogy 2022-ben mĂĄr meg lehet
rendezni a konferenciåt személyes részvétel mellett.
IdĆpontnak 2022. mĂĄjus 18â20-ĂĄt (szerdaâpĂ©ntek)
tƱztĂŒk ki, Ă©s âĆskori Ă©telmĂłdokâ cĂmmel rendezzĂŒk
meg, az Ćskori tĂĄplĂĄlkozĂĄsi szokĂĄsok mindenfĂ©le
aspektusåt vizsgålatunk tårgyåvå tév
MΩMOΣ XII Meeting of Prehistoric Researchers. Debrecen 18-20 May 2022. Prehistoric foodways
Due to the pandemic of the last two years, the next
instalment of the MΩMOΣ conference to be held in
Debrecen had to be postponed. Although the situation is still uncertain, we think that in 2022 the conference can already be organised with in-person attendance. The date of the conference will be 18-20 May 2022, and the title is âPrehistoric foodwaysâ, focusing on all aspects of prehistoric food
Bronzkori tĂĄjakon a Benta völgyĂ©ben : KutatĂĄsok a központ Ă©s âhĂĄtorszĂĄgaâ kapcsolatĂĄnak megismerĂ©sĂ©re | Bronze Age Landscapes in the Benta Valley : Research on the Hinterland of Bronze Age Centres
KözĂ©p-EurĂłpĂĄban a bronzkori telepĂŒlĂ©sek hĂĄlĂłzatĂĄnak Ă©s a hozzĂĄjuk kapcsolĂłdĂł temetkezĂ©seknek a kutatĂĄsa a rĂ©gĂ©szeti terepmunkĂĄnak mindig is meghatĂĄrozĂł irĂĄnyvonalĂĄt alkotta. Az elmĂșlt Ă©vszĂĄzadok kutatĂłi elsĆsorban a nagyobb központi telepĂŒlĂ©sek, tellek, földvĂĄrak megismerĂ©sĂ©t tƱztĂ©k ki cĂ©lul. Az utĂłbbi bĆ Ă©vtizedben alapvetĆ vĂĄltozĂĄs kezdĆdött ezen a terĂŒleten is. A központi telepĂŒlĂ©sek tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsa mellett hangsĂșlyosabbĂĄ vĂĄltak a mikroregionĂĄlis kutatĂĄsok, az eltĂ©rĆ funkciĂłjĂș Ă©s szerkezetƱ telepĂŒlĂ©sek Ă©s temetkezĂ©sek vizsgĂĄlata. A bronzkori tĂĄjhasznĂĄlat tĂĄgan Ă©rtelmezett kĂ©rdĂ©seinek megvĂĄlaszolĂĄsĂĄra csak komplex kutatĂĄsi programok vĂĄllalkozhatnak. A kutatĂĄs sorĂĄn többek között a következĆ kĂ©rdĂ©sek merĂŒlnek fel: 1) MikĂ©nt definiĂĄlhatĂłk regionĂĄlisan Ă©s mikroregionĂĄlisan a bronzkor kĂŒlönbözĆ idĆszakaiban a telepĂŒlĂ©si struktĂșrĂĄk? 2) LĂ©teztek-e valĂłdi központok, specializĂĄlt telepĂŒlĂ©sek a bronzkorban KözĂ©p-EurĂłpĂĄban?
3) Hogyan befolyĂĄsolta a kulturĂĄlis hĂĄttĂ©r az adott rĂ©giĂł tĂĄjhasznĂĄlatĂĄt? 4) A temetĆkben hogyan nyilvĂĄnul meg a tĂĄrsadalmi Ă©s politikai szervezĆdĂ©s? Ilyen komplex, nemzetközi kutatĂĄsi programok keretĂ©ben kerĂŒlt sor SzĂĄzhalombatta vidĂ©ke bronzkori telepĂŒlĂ©störtĂ©netĂ©nek vizsgĂĄlatĂĄra. | Research on the network of Bronze Age settlements and their burial grounds has always been a priority of archaeological fieldwork in Central Europe. Researchers of the past centuries tended to focus on the large central settlements such as tells and hillforts. The past decade has seen a shift in research perspectives: while the study of central settlements has lost none of its importance, interest has grown in micro-regional research and the investigation of settlements with differing function and layout. Only complex research projects can address broad issues of Bronze Age land use. We sought answers to the following questions: 1) Did differences exist between the regional and micro-regional settlement patterns during successive periods of the Bronze Age? 2) Were there genuine centres and specialised settlements during the Bronze Age in Central Europe? 3) How did a communityÊŒs cultural background influence landscape use in a particular region? 4) How is social and political organisation reflected in cemeteries? The Bronze Age settlement history of the SzĂĄzhalombatta area was investigated as part of an international research project
An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early european farmers
Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture âŒ12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains. Here, we consider osteological and ancient DNA data from the same prehistoric individuals to study human stature variation as a proxy for health across a transition to agriculture. Specifically, we compared âpredictedâ genetic contributions to height from paleogenomic data and âachievedâ adult osteological height estimated from long bone measurements for 167 individuals across Europe spanning the Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (âŒ38,000 to 2,400 B.P.). We found that individuals from the Neolithic were shorter than expected (given their individual polygenic height scores) by an average of â3.82 cm relative to individuals from the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic (P = 0.040) and â2.21 cm shorter relative to post-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.068), with osteological vs. expected stature steadily increasing across the Copper (+1.95 cm relative to the Neolithic), Bronze (+2.70 cm), and Iron (+3.27 cm) Ages. These results were attenuated when we additionally accounted for genome-wide genetic ancestry variation: for example, with Neolithic individuals â2.82 cm shorter than expected on average relative to pre-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.120). We also incorporated observations of paleopathological indicators of nonspecific stress that can persist from childhood to adulthood in skeletal remains into our model. Overall, our work highlights the potential of integrating disparate datasets to explore proxies of health in prehistory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio