23 research outputs found

    Transformations in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 B. C.

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    Um die Zeit des Vulkanausbruchs von Thera fanden wichtige VerĂ€nderungen im Karpatenbecken statt. Diese sogenannte Koszider Epoche korrespondiert mit der letzten Phase der mittleren Bronzezeit in der ungarischen Terminologie und stellt den Übergang zur spĂ€ten Bronzezeit dar. Die Untersuchung dieser Epoche hat sich bisher als kontrovers erwiesen – sowohl unter ungarischen als auch mitteleuropĂ€ischen Wissenschaftlern. Erst in den letzten Jahren ist diese Epoche nicht mehr als kurzer Zeitraum, mit der ein bestimmtes historisches Ereignis verbunden werden kann, interpretiert worden. Vielmehr sieht man sie nun als eine lĂ€nger dauernde Periode an, welche die BlĂŒtezeit der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken markiert und die mit einschneidenden VerĂ€nderungen endet. Die Hauptelemente dieses Wandels sind allerdings noch unklar. Unser Ziel ist es, den Wandel durch den Vergleich verschiedener Aspekte dreier aufeinanderfolgender Phasen zu untersuchen. Am Ende sollen einige neue ErwĂ€gungen stehen, die die bisherigen Interpretationen dieser VerĂ€nderungen erweitern können. | Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment of the period has been controversial among both Hungarian and central European scholars. In the past few years this period has been interpreted not as a short »horizon« connected to a specific historical event, but as a longer period that represented the heyday of the MBA in the Carpathian Basin, which ended with significant transformations. The main elements of this transformation, however, are still unclear. Our aim is to investigate this transformation through the comparison of several aspects of three subsequent phases and to amend the previously offered interpretations of the changes with a few new considerations

    Sacrifice, warfare, or burial? Middle Bronze Age "mass graves" from Érd and Makó, Hungary

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    During the past two decades, the study of human remains from prehistoric settlements has gained new momentum in Hungary. The phenomenon of burials within settlements can be observed in many phases but was perhaps most prominent during the Copper and Bronze Ages. Thanks to the large-scale rescue excavations of the last few decades, our database of relevant material has increased considerably, shedding new light on previously excavated assemblages as well. In our paper, we present burials from two Middle Bronze Age settlements in Hungary that yielded a series of skeletons and human remains, some of which showed traces of violence and perimortem trauma. We establish that at both sites the human depositions showed significant variability, indicating diverse cultural practices. A number of characteristics of these »mass graves« support the hypothesis that they may have been associated with some form of sacrifice and ritual violence, rather than warfare or other causes of death. Chronological data indicate a prolonged tradition of series of ritual acts, sacrifices, and possibly the secondary manipulation of human bodies

    MΩMOÎŁ XII – Ɛskoros KutatĂłk Összejövetele. Ɛskori Ă©telmĂłdok. Debrecen, 2022. mĂĄjus 18–20.

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    Az elmĂșlt több mint egy Ă©v jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi helyzete miatt a következƑ, eredetileg 2021-re tervezett, Debrecenben tartandĂł MΩMOÎŁ konferenciĂĄt sajnos el kellett halasztanunk. BĂĄr a jelenlegi helyzet is bizonytalan, Ășgy gondoljuk, hogy 2022-ben mĂĄr meg lehet rendezni a konferenciĂĄt szemĂ©lyes rĂ©szvĂ©tel mellett. IdƑpontnak 2022. mĂĄjus 18–20-ĂĄt (szerda–pĂ©ntek) tƱztĂŒk ki, Ă©s „Ɛskori Ă©telmĂłdok” cĂ­mmel rendezzĂŒk meg, az Ƒskori tĂĄplĂĄlkozĂĄsi szokĂĄsok mindenfĂ©le aspektusĂĄt vizsgĂĄlatunk tĂĄrgyĂĄvĂĄ tĂ©v

    MΩMOΣ XII Meeting of Prehistoric Researchers. Debrecen 18-20 May 2022. Prehistoric foodways

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    Due to the pandemic of the last two years, the next instalment of the MΩMOÎŁ conference to be held in Debrecen had to be postponed. Although the situation is still uncertain, we think that in 2022 the conference can already be organised with in-person attendance. The date of the conference will be 18-20 May 2022, and the title is “Prehistoric foodways”, focusing on all aspects of prehistoric food

    Bronzkori tĂĄjakon a Benta völgyĂ©ben : KutatĂĄsok a központ Ă©s „hĂĄtorszĂĄga” kapcsolatĂĄnak megismerĂ©sĂ©re | Bronze Age Landscapes in the Benta Valley : Research on the Hinterland of Bronze Age Centres

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    KözĂ©p-EurĂłpĂĄban a bronzkori telepĂŒlĂ©sek hĂĄlĂłzatĂĄnak Ă©s a hozzĂĄjuk kapcsolĂłdĂł temetkezĂ©seknek a kutatĂĄsa a rĂ©gĂ©szeti terepmunkĂĄnak mindig is meghatĂĄrozĂł irĂĄnyvonalĂĄt alkotta. Az elmĂșlt Ă©vszĂĄzadok kutatĂłi elsƑsorban a nagyobb központi telepĂŒlĂ©sek, tellek, földvĂĄrak megismerĂ©sĂ©t tƱztĂ©k ki cĂ©lul. Az utĂłbbi bƑ Ă©vtizedben alapvetƑ vĂĄltozĂĄs kezdƑdött ezen a terĂŒleten is. A központi telepĂŒlĂ©sek tanulmĂĄnyozĂĄsa mellett hangsĂșlyosabbĂĄ vĂĄltak a mikroregionĂĄlis kutatĂĄsok, az eltĂ©rƑ funkciĂłjĂș Ă©s szerkezetƱ telepĂŒlĂ©sek Ă©s temetkezĂ©sek vizsgĂĄlata. A bronzkori tĂĄjhasznĂĄlat tĂĄgan Ă©rtelmezett kĂ©rdĂ©seinek megvĂĄlaszolĂĄsĂĄra csak komplex kutatĂĄsi programok vĂĄllalkozhatnak. A kutatĂĄs sorĂĄn többek között a következƑ kĂ©rdĂ©sek merĂŒlnek fel: 1) MikĂ©nt definiĂĄlhatĂłk regionĂĄlisan Ă©s mikroregionĂĄlisan a bronzkor kĂŒlönbözƑ idƑszakaiban a telepĂŒlĂ©si struktĂșrĂĄk? 2) LĂ©teztek-e valĂłdi központok, specializĂĄlt telepĂŒlĂ©sek a bronzkorban KözĂ©p-EurĂłpĂĄban? 3) Hogyan befolyĂĄsolta a kulturĂĄlis hĂĄttĂ©r az adott rĂ©giĂł tĂĄjhasznĂĄlatĂĄt? 4) A temetƑkben hogyan nyilvĂĄnul meg a tĂĄrsadalmi Ă©s politikai szervezƑdĂ©s? Ilyen komplex, nemzetközi kutatĂĄsi programok keretĂ©ben kerĂŒlt sor SzĂĄzhalombatta vidĂ©ke bronzkori telepĂŒlĂ©störtĂ©netĂ©nek vizsgĂĄlatĂĄra. | Research on the network of Bronze Age settlements and their burial grounds has always been a priority of archaeological fieldwork in Central Europe. Researchers of the past centuries tended to focus on the large central settlements such as tells and hillforts. The past decade has seen a shift in research perspectives: while the study of central settlements has lost none of its importance, interest has grown in micro-regional research and the investigation of settlements with differing function and layout. Only complex research projects can address broad issues of Bronze Age land use. We sought answers to the following questions: 1) Did differences exist between the regional and micro-regional settlement patterns during successive periods of the Bronze Age? 2) Were there genuine centres and specialised settlements during the Bronze Age in Central Europe? 3) How did a communityÊŒs cultural background influence landscape use in a particular region? 4) How is social and political organisation reflected in cemeteries? The Bronze Age settlement history of the SzĂĄzhalombatta area was investigated as part of an international research project

    An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early european farmers

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    Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ∌12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains. Here, we consider osteological and ancient DNA data from the same prehistoric individuals to study human stature variation as a proxy for health across a transition to agriculture. Specifically, we compared “predicted” genetic contributions to height from paleogenomic data and “achieved” adult osteological height estimated from long bone measurements for 167 individuals across Europe spanning the Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (∌38,000 to 2,400 B.P.). We found that individuals from the Neolithic were shorter than expected (given their individual polygenic height scores) by an average of −3.82 cm relative to individuals from the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic (P = 0.040) and −2.21 cm shorter relative to post-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.068), with osteological vs. expected stature steadily increasing across the Copper (+1.95 cm relative to the Neolithic), Bronze (+2.70 cm), and Iron (+3.27 cm) Ages. These results were attenuated when we additionally accounted for genome-wide genetic ancestry variation: for example, with Neolithic individuals −2.82 cm shorter than expected on average relative to pre-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.120). We also incorporated observations of paleopathological indicators of nonspecific stress that can persist from childhood to adulthood in skeletal remains into our model. Overall, our work highlights the potential of integrating disparate datasets to explore proxies of health in prehistory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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