Centralized college admissions and student composition

Education markets are increasingly switching to centralized admission systems. However, empirical evidence of the effects of these transitions is scarce. We examine the consequences of introducing centralized admissions in the higher education market in Brazil. Using detailed administrative data, we exploit the staggered adoption of a centralized clearinghouse across institutions to investigate the impacts on student composition. Consistent with lower application frictions and higher competition, we find that centralization is associated with a decline in the share of female students and an increase in the average age of students. We also document that institutions under the centralized assignment attract students from other locations and with higher test scores. We present suggestive evidence that centralization increases stratification of institutions by quality, widening the gap between low and high quality institutions

The Employee Costs of Corporate Debarment in Public Procurement

This paper studies an anticorruption policy—corporate debarment, or blacklisting—to understand how disclosing illicit corporate practices and the sanctions for these practices affect firm and worker outcomes. Exploiting a policy change in Brazil that imposed stricter penalties for corrupt firms, I find that debarment is associated with a sizable decline in employment and an increase in the probability of exiting the formal sector. I also document that workers’ annual earnings fall after debarment. The impacts are driven by lost revenues from government contracts. The results shed light on the costs to workers in weighing the consequences of corruption crackdown. (JEL D73, E26, H57, H83, J31, K42, O17

Public procurement auctions in Brazil

This thesis provides an empirical analysis of data generated by ComprasNet, the online procurement bidding platform developed and used by the Brazilian federal government. ComprasNet is a large bidding platform used since 2001 by more than 2200 public purchasing units who list around one million lots each year. Over 70,000 unique bidders have participated in these auctions. In 2010, 46 percent of all procurement for the federal government was conducted through ComprasNet, totaling R$ 27 billion, or 0.7 percent of Brazil’s GDP. In short, these auctions represent a large share of federal tenders and a substantial amount is contracted through them each year. Chapter 1 provides an overview of ComprasNet. After reviewing the literature on various topics which this dissertation contributes to, I describe the institutional background surrounding ComprasNet. I then present the baseline data used throughout the remainder of this dissertation. Chapter 2 addresses one important aspect of designing an online ascending auction, namely how to end the auction. ComprasNet varied its ending rules over time, providing an unique opportunity to test theories of bidder behaviour, as well as assessing the impact of ending rules on auction outcomes. Chapter 3 analyses a two-stage auction format which ComprasNet uses. Two-stage designs have long been proposed by the theoretical literature, but there are virtually no empirical works apart from experimental studies. Finally, chapter 4 analyses a bid preference programme targeted at small and micro enterprises (SMEs). The programme consists of setting aside eligible lots for SMEs. We first use eligibility rules as a source of exogenous variation in the treatment assignment to estimate the effects of the programme on auction outcomes. We then set up an open auction model with endogenous entry and asymmetric bidders and estimate the model’s primitives. In particular, we estimate entry costs, which we interpret as red tape costs

MOBILIDADE INTERGERACIONAL DE RENDA NO BRASIL

This article adopt alternative methodologies to estimate the degree of integenerational income mobility in Brazil. We apply the two saomple instrumental variables used by Björklund e Jäntti (1997) and show that intergenerational persistence of family per capita income is greater than that of other income concepts. Moreover, all the measures based on transition matrices support previous findings on the less degree of intergenerational mobility compared to other developed countries. Finally, results based on Bénabou e Ok (2001) indicate that the mobility structure in Brazil reduce the Gini coefficient in 20 percentage points, wich means that inequality of opportunities accounts for nearly 65% of observed inequality.

LA CONSPIRACIÓN COMO CONDICIÓN NECESARIA DEL PODER

Después de recorrer algunas definiciones del concepto de conspiración, Luis Fernando Beraza arriba a la que le parece másadecuada: ponerse de acuerdo contra algo o alguien.La hipótesis que recorrerá el libro es que en la historia argentina existió siempre una tendencia a la conspiración, tanto comoforma de acceder al poder, como de conservarlo, y que esta metodología perdura hasta nuestros días.Para desenvolver esta hipótesis, Beraza parte de la idea de que en todas las sociedades se dio este fenómeno.En Latinoamérica nace con la llegada de los europeos, que impusieron sus instituciones, creencias, idioma y religión y asimilaron alos nativos a su cultura. Este hecho evidencia para Beraza que el poder se impone y no se negocia. Incluso entre las sociedadesprecolombinas existían estructuras de poder. Las únicas alternativas que aparecen ante esta imposición son la conspiración, larebelión y el crimen

La conspiración como condición necesaria de poder

Después de recorrer algunas definiciones del concepto de conspiración, Luis Fernando Beraza arriba a la que le parece más adecuada: ponerse de acuerdo contra algo o alguien. La hipótesis que recorrerá el libro es que en la historia argentina existió siempre una tendencia a la conspiración, tanto como forma de acceder al poder, como de conservarlo, y que esta metodología perdura hasta nuestros días. Para desenvolver esta hipótesis, Beraza parte de la idea de que en todas las sociedades se dio este fenómeno. En Latinoamérica nace con la llegada de los europeos, que impusieron sus instituciones, creencias, idioma y religión y asimilaron a los nativos a su cultura. Este hecho evidencia para Beraza que el poder se impone y no se negocia. Incluso entre las sociedades precolombinas existían estructuras de poder. Las únicas alternativas que aparecen ante esta imposición son la conspiración, la rebelión y el crimen.Libro reseñado: Grandes conspiraciones de la historia argentina, de Luis Fernando Beraza, Editorial Vergara Editor S.A., publicado en febrero de 2009.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

La conspiración como condición necesaria de poder

Después de recorrer algunas definiciones del concepto de conspiración, Luis Fernando Beraza arriba a la que le parece más adecuada: ponerse de acuerdo contra algo o alguien. La hipótesis que recorrerá el libro es que en la historia argentina existió siempre una tendencia a la conspiración, tanto como forma de acceder al poder, como de conservarlo, y que esta metodología perdura hasta nuestros días. Para desenvolver esta hipótesis, Beraza parte de la idea de que en todas las sociedades se dio este fenómeno. En Latinoamérica nace con la llegada de los europeos, que impusieron sus instituciones, creencias, idioma y religión y asimilaron a los nativos a su cultura. Este hecho evidencia para Beraza que el poder se impone y no se negocia. Incluso entre las sociedades precolombinas existían estructuras de poder. Las únicas alternativas que aparecen ante esta imposición son la conspiración, la rebelión y el crimen.Libro reseñado: Grandes conspiraciones de la historia argentina, de Luis Fernando Beraza, Editorial Vergara Editor S.A., publicado en febrero de 2009.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

La conspiración como condición necesaria de poder

Después de recorrer algunas definiciones del concepto de conspiración, Luis Fernando Beraza arriba a la que le parece más adecuada: ponerse de acuerdo contra algo o alguien. La hipótesis que recorrerá el libro es que en la historia argentina existió siempre una tendencia a la conspiración, tanto como forma de acceder al poder, como de conservarlo, y que esta metodología perdura hasta nuestros días. Para desenvolver esta hipótesis, Beraza parte de la idea de que en todas las sociedades se dio este fenómeno. En Latinoamérica nace con la llegada de los europeos, que impusieron sus instituciones, creencias, idioma y religión y asimilaron a los nativos a su cultura. Este hecho evidencia para Beraza que el poder se impone y no se negocia. Incluso entre las sociedades precolombinas existían estructuras de poder. Las únicas alternativas que aparecen ante esta imposición son la conspiración, la rebelión y el crimen.Libro reseñado: Grandes conspiraciones de la historia argentina, de Luis Fernando Beraza, Editorial Vergara Editor S.A., publicado en febrero de 2009.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Agricultural Productivity and Deforestation: Evidence from Brazil

When agricultural productivity improves, farmers may react by expanding farming and further encroach on forest lands, or they may choose to intensify and produce more output with less land. We specify the conditions under which agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on deforestation. We then examine the predictions of that model using county-level data from five waves of the Brazilian Census of Agriculture and satellite-based measures of land use. We identify productivity shocks using exogenous variation in rural electrification in Brazil during 1960-2000. We show that locations suitable for hydropower generation experienced improvements in crop yields, and that credit-constrained farmers subsequently shifted away from land-intensive cattle-grazing and into cropping. As a result, agricultural land use declines, more native vegetation is protected, and these effects persist 25 years later in both census and satellite data. Brazil’s deforestation rate would have been almost twice as large between 1970 and 2000 without that increase in agricultural productivity. That makes the conservation benefits of productivity improvements comparable to the most prominent conservation packages ever implemented in Brazil

Engenharia econômica : uma análise sobre as principais abordagens e aplicações da desonestidade na área de economia comportamental por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, 2021.A Organização das Nações Unidas estima que todos os anos, apenas com pagamentos de propinas e roubos por corrupção, são desviados 3,6 trilhões de dólares no mundo inteiro, quantia equivalente a 5% do PIB global. Ao se somar esse valor às pequenas desonestidades do dia a dia, como o furto de uma caneta no ambiente de trabalho, o valor da desonestidade se torna imensamente intangível. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise metodológica da evolução do ano 2000 até fevereiro de 2021 dos trabalhos acerca de Desonestidade em Economia Comportamental por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática. Esse projeto visa ajudar no diagnóstico da evolução histórica dos trabalhos de desonestidade, assim como analisar seu status atual, e contribuir para a compreensão do caminho que esses estudos estão se direcionando, permitindo – com isso – que o entendimento sobre a desonestidade aconteça de forma branda e sistemática, e propicie a criação de medidas para mitigar os seus potenciais danos à sociedade. Para alcançar este propósito foi utilizada a metodologia da Teoria do Enfoque Meta-Analítico Consolidado (TEMAC), no qual todos os trabalhos publicados na base Web of Science durante o período 2000 a 2021 com a string “Dishonesty” foram coletados. Os resultados mostram um crescimento total da quantidade de publicações durante o período. Nos quais aparecem o trabalho de Mazar, Amir e Ariely (2018), onde propõem a análise do comportamento desonesto a partir do uso de recompensas e do impacto do autoconceito positivo de si mesmo, como a maior referência sobre o assunto, na análise de co- citation realizada para o período. Ainda, foi possível identificar: i. a revista que mais trabalha sobre o tema é o Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, com 46 publicações; ii. o documento mais citado foi o trabalho Self Serving Altruism? The lure of unethical actions that benefit others, de Gino et al. (2013), com 130 citações; iii. os autores que mais publicaram foram Shalvi, S.; Toboly, Y.; Siniver, E.; e Villeval MC.; iv. o país que mais tem trabalhos publicados é os Estados Unidos da América, com 85 trabalhos na área; v. a universidade que mais publicou trabalhos na área foi a University of Amsterdam, com 13 trabalhos publicados; e vi. a agência que mais financiou trabalhos sobre Desonestidade em Economia Comportamental foi a German Research Foundation DFG, financiando 11 trabalhos na área. Esse trabalho identifica, também, os principais fronts de pesquisa dos últimos 3 anos, liderado pela abordagem de Gneezy, Kajackaite e Sobel (2018) em que os autores propõem que as pessoas são mais desonestas quando é mais difícil de provar a trapaça e que existe um grupo significativo que não é desonesto ao máximo. Com esse trabalho, espera-se iluminar estudos futuros para pesquisadores que visam se aprofundar em Desonestidade na Economia Comportamental.The United Nations estimates that every year, with bribes and corruption thefts alone, 3.6 trillion dollars are diverted worldwide, equivalent to 5% of global GDP. When this value is added to the small daily dishonesties, such as theft of a pen in the workplace, the value of dishonesty becomes immeasurably intangible. The main goal of this work is to carry out a methodological analysis of the evolution from the year 2000 to February 2021 of the works on Dishonesty in Behavioral Economics through a systematic bibliographic review. This project aims to help in the diagnosis of the historical evolution of dishonesty work, as well as to analyze its status, and to contribute to the understanding of the path that these studies are heading, allowing - with that - the understanding about dishonesty to happen in a mild way and systematic, and allows the creation of measures to mitigate its potential damages to society. To achieve this purpose, the Consolidated Meta-Analytical Approach Theory (TEMAC) methodology was used, in which all works published in the Web of Science database during the period 2000 to 2021 with the string “Dishonesty” were collected. The results show a total increase in the number of publications during the period. In which appear the work of Mazar, Amir and Ariely (2018), where they propose the analysis of dishonest behavior from the use of rewards and the impact of positive self-concept, as the greatest reference on the subject, in the analysis of co -citation carried out for the period. In addition, it was possible to identify: i. the magazine that most works on the topic is the Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, with 46 publications; ii. the most cited document was Self Serving Altruism? The lure of unethical actions that benefit others, by Gino et al. (2013), with 130 citations; iii. the most published authors were Shalvi, S.; Toboly, Y.; Siniver, E.; and Villeval MC.; iv. the country with the most published works is the United States of America, with 85 works in the area; v. the university that most published works in the area was the University of Amsterdam, with 13 published works; and saw. the agency that most financed works on Dishonesty in Behavioral Economics was the German Research Foundation DFG, financing 11 works in the area. This work also identifies the main research fronts of the last 3 years, led by the approach of Gneezy, Kajackaite and Sobel (2018) in which the authors propose that people are more dishonest when it is more difficult to prove cheating and that there is a significant group that is not dishonest at all. With this work, it is hoped to illuminate future studies for researchers who seek to deepen dishonesty in behavioral economics