Time-lapsed graphene moir\'e superlattice on Cu(111)

The detailed study of the graphene (gr) moir\'e superlattices emerging due to the mismatch between the substrate's and gr-overlayer crystal lattices is inevitable because of its high technological relevance. However, little is known about the dynamics of moir\'e superstructures on gr. Here, we report the first classical molecular dynamics simulation (CMD) of the moir\'e superlattice of graphene on Cu(111) using a new parameterized Tersoff-potential for the graphene/Cu(111) interface fitted in this paper to nonlocal van der Waals density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interfacial force field with time-lapsed CMD provides superlattices in good quantitative agreement with the available experimental results. The long range coincidence supercells of $2 \times 2$ and $3 \times 3$ with nonequivalent moir\'e hills have also been identified and analyzed. The moir\'e superlattice exhibits a pattern which is dynamical rather than statically pinned to the support and can be observed mostly via time lapsing. The instantaneous snapshots of the periodic moir\'e pattern already at low temperature are weakly disordered lacking the apparent sharpness of the time averaged pattern and scanning tunneling microscopy images. This suggests the existence of competing orders between a static (1st order) and a dynamical (2nd order) moir\'e superstructures.The revealed random height fluctuations may limit the important electronic properties of supported graphene such as the mobility of charge carriers.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, supplementary material included. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.171

Congestion charging in Budapest - a comparison with existing systems

Transport is undoubtedly an extremely important sector in Europe. Accounting for 10% of GDP, as well as 10 million workers, it is also a major source of pollution and noise emissions. The adverse effects of transport are amplified by congestion, resulting in traffic jams, aggravation for motorists and even more pollution. A number of different measures have been devised to address this problem, and to spare populated city centers from heavy traffic loads, while also promoting the ``polluter pays principle´´. One of these measures is congestion charging, already implemented in several cities across Europe and worldwide, and may soon be introduced in Budapest. The purpose of this paper is to find a common ground for the schemes introduced in London and Stockholm, comparing them to the possible scheme in Budapest

Application Possibilities of Selection Indices in the Pannon Ka Rabbit Breed

The Pannon Ka is a synthetic breed which can be used as a maternal crossing partner in the Pannon breeding program of the University of Kaposvár, Hungary. In the present study genetic parameters of the number of kits born alive (NBA) and the litter weight at 21 days of age (LW21) were estimated, and a two trait selection index was created in order to test the possible modification of the selection process of this breed. 14465 NBA and LW21 records were collected from 3509 Pannon Ka does between 1999 and 2016 and the total number of animals in the pedigree was 5627. NBA and LW21 were analyzed jointly in a two-trait animal model which was used to estimate the variance components and to predict the breeding values. The considered fixed effects in the model were parity and year and month of kindling. The covariate factors were the number of kits after equalization and age of the kits at measurement for LW21. The random effects were permanent environmental effect and the additive genetic effect for both traits. The estimated heritability of LW21 and NBA were 0.1±0.01 and 0.06±0.01, respectively. Genetic correlation between the traits was 0.16±0.06. The created selection index had a 50-50% contribution of the measured traits. Nevertheless, the selection index scores showed stronger correlation (0.98) with NBA, than with LW21 (0.36) due to its economic importance

Rotation misorientated graphene moire superlattices on Cu(111): classical molecular dynamics simulations and scanning tunneling microscopy studies

Graphene on copper is a system of high technological relevance, as Cu is one of the most widely used substrates for the CVD growth of graphene. However, very little is known about the details of their interaction. One approach to gain such information is studying the superlattices emerging due to the mismatch of the two crystal lattices. However, graphene on copper is a low-corrugated system making both their experimental and theoretical study highly challenging. Here, we report the observation of a new rotational Moire superlattice of CVD graphene on Cu (111), characterized by a periodicity of $1.5 \pm 0.05$ nm and corrugation of $0.15 \pm 0.05$ $\hbox{\AA}$ , as measured by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. To understand the observed superlattice we have developed a newly parameterized Tersoff-potential for the graphene/Cu (111) interface fitted to nonlocal van der Waals density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interfacial force field with time-lapsed CMD provides superlattices in good quantitative agreement with the experimental results, for a misorientation angle of $10.4 \pm 0.5,^{\circ}$ without any further parameter adjustment. Furthermore, the CMD simulations predict the existence of two non-equivalent high-symmetry directions of the Moir\'e pattern that could also be identified in the experimental STM images.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Pannon breeding program in rabbit at Kaposvár University

[EN] In this study, the rabbit breeding programme conducted at the Kaposvár University is extensively discussed. Population history and recorded traits, creation of the different synthetic lines, evolution of their selection criteria,  stimation of the genetic parameters and genetic trends are the main elements described. The programme (Pannon rabbit breeding programme) is operated with 1 maternal line and 2 paternal lines. At present the maternal line (Pannon Ka) is selected for number of kits born alive, while the 2 paternal lines are pre-selected for litter weight (Pannon White) and average daily gain (Pannon terminal line), respectively, then they are both selected for thigh muscle volume (based on computer tomography (CT) measurements). All these traits are evaluated by BLUP methodology. According to the genetic parameter estimations, the heritability of the reproductive traits (litter size and litter weight) was low (0.05-0.17 and 0.08-0.17). When the litter size component traits were extended with dominance effects, the magnitude of the dominance components varied between 0.05 and 0.08. Average daily gain and thigh muscle volume were moderately heritable (0.21-0.27 and 0.19-0.25), while heritability estimates of the carcass traits (dressing out percentage and hind part ratio) were high (0.47 and 0.59). Computer tomography based traits showed favourable high genetic correlations with the carcass traits (dressing out percentage: 0.45-0.47 and hind part ratio: 0.59). On the contrary, strong negative correlation was estimated between thigh muscle volume and litter weight (–0.37 and –0.70). The selection responses obtained for all analysed traits were within the range published by the relevant literature. The success of the CT-based selection for improving meat production was justified by different methods (crossing experiment, divergent selection, estimated genetic trends). In addition to the slow increase in the inbreeding level of the Pannon White breed, it also proves the effectiveness of the circular mating scheme used in all three rabbit breeds in the programme.This study was financially supported by the TECH_08_A3/2-2008-0384  (OM-00198/2008), TÉT (OMFB00358/2008), GOP-1.3.1. (Innovative technological development at Olívia Ltd), OTKA 106175 projects and by the Padova University research funds (Progetti di Ricerca di Ateneo 2011, CPDA117509/11).Matics, Z.; Nagy, I.; Gerencsér, Z.; Radnai, I.; Gyovai, P.; Donkó, T.; Dalle Zotte, A.... (2014). Pannon breeding program in rabbit at Kaposvár University. World Rabbit Science. 22(4):287-300. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.1511SWORD287300224AYYAT M.S., MARAI I.F.M., & EL-SAYIAD GH.A. (2010). GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING MILK PRODUCTION AND PREWEANING LITTER TRAITS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE DOES UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS. World Rabbit Science, 3(3). doi:10.4995/wrs.1995.250Baselga M. 2004. Genetic improvement of meat rabbits. Programmes and diffusion. 8th World Rabbit Congress, September 7-10, Puebla, Mexico, 1-13.Dalle Zotte A., Fornasier B., Matics Zs., Gerencsér Zs, Szendrő Zs. 2009. Effect of adult weight and CT-based selection on rabbit meat quality. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 8: 243-45.Ferraz J.B.S., Johnson R.K., Van Vleck L.D. 1992a. Estimation of genetic trends and genetic parameters for reproductive and growth traits of rabbits raised in subtropics with animal models. J. Appl. Rabbit Res., 15: 131-142.Ferraz J.B.S., Johnson R.K., Van Vleck D. 1992b. Use of animal models to estimate the effects of inbreeding on growth and carcass traits of rabbits. J. Appl. Rabbit Res., 15: 143-157.Garreau H., Szendrő Zs., Larzul C., de Rochambeau H. 2000. Genetic parameters and genetic trends of growth and litter size traits in the White Pannon breed. In Proc.: 7th World Rabbit Congress, 4-7 July, 2000. Valencia, Spain, 403-408.Garreau H., Piles M., Larzul C., Baselga M., de Rochambeau H. 2004. Selection of maternal lines: last results and prospects. In Proc.: 8th World Rabbit Congress, 7-10 September, 2000. Puebla, Mexico, 14-25.Gyovai P., Nagy I., Gerencsér Zs., Metzger Sz., Radnai I., Szendrő Zs. 2008. Genetic parameters and trends of the thigh muscle volume in Pannon White rabbits. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, 10-13 June, 2008. Verona, Italy. 115-119.KERDILES, V., & DE ROCHAMBEAU, H. (2002). A genetic description of two selected strains of rabbits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 119(1), 25-33. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0388.2002.00315.xKhalil M.H., Al-Saef A. 2008. Methods, criteria, techniques and genetic responses for rabbit selection: a review. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, 10-13 June, 2008. Verona, Italy, 1-22.Lukefahr S.D., Van Vleck L.D., Roberts J.D. 1992. Estimates of components of variance and covariance for carcass traits in rabbits using an animal model. J. Appl. Rabbit Res., 15: 259-273.Lukefahr S.D., Roberts J.D., Van Vleck L.D. 1993. Estimates of components of (co)variance by Restricted Maximum Likelihood for carcass traits in rabbits using an animal model. Prof. Anim. Sci. 9: 89-97.Lukefahr S.D., Odi H.B., Atakora J.K.A. 1996. Mass selection for 70-day body weight in rabbits. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1481-1489.Mantovani R., Sartori A., Mezzadri M., Lenarduzzi M. 2008. Genetics of maternal traits in a new synthetic rabbit line under selection. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress,10-13 June, 2008. Verona, Italy, 169-174.Metzger Sz., Odermatt M., Szendrő Zs., Mohaupt M., Romvári R., Makai A., Biró-Németh E., Radnai I., Sipos L. 2006a. Comparison of carcass traits and meat quality of Hyplus hybrid, purebred Pannon White and their crossbreds. Arch. Tierzucht, 49: 389-399.Moura A.S.A.M.T., Kaps M., Vogt D.W., Lamberson W.R. 1997. Two-way selection for daily gain and feed conversion in a composite rabbit population. J. Anim. Sci., 75: 2344-2349.Nagy I., Metzger Sz., Princz Z., Radnai I., Bíróné Németh E., Szendrő Zs. 2006a. Genetic parameters of production traits in Pannon White rabbit. Acta Agraria Kaposáriensis, 10: 239-243.Nagy I., J. Farkas J., Gyovai P., I. Radnai I., Z. Szendrő Zs. 2011a. Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain in Pannon White rabbits. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 56: 365-369.Nagy I., Farkas J., Onika-Szvath Sz., Radnai I.,Szendrő Zs. 2011b. Genetic parameters and inbreeding depression of litter weight in Pannon White rabbits. Agric. Conspec. Sci., 76: 231-233.Nagy I., Radna I., Nagyné-Kiszlinger H., Farkas J., Szendrő Zs. 2011c. Genetic parameters and genetic trends of reproduction traits in synthetic Pannon rabbits using repeatability and multitrait animal models. Arch. Tierzucht, 54: 297-307.Planinc, M., Kermauner, A., Kovac, M., Malovrh, S. 2012. Pedigree analysis in the Sika rabbits in Slovenia. Acta Agr. Slov. Suppl. 3. 171-173.Santacreu M.A., Moce M.L., Climent A., Blasco A. 2005. Divergent selection for uterine capacity in rabbits. II. Correlated response in litter size and its components estimated with a cryopreserved control population. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 2303-2307.Szendrő Zs., Ballay A., Ráczkevy, S., Biróné Németh E. 1988. Progeny test on station in Hungary. In Proc.: 4th World Rabbit Congress, 10-14 October, 1988. Budapest, Hungary. 289-293.Szendrő Zs., Mohamed M.M.A., Biró-Németh E. 1991. Teat number of new-born rabbits depending on the teat number of their parents. J. Appl. Rabbit Research, 14: 133-135.Szendrő Zs., Horn P., Kövér Gy., Berényi E., Radnai I., Bíró-Németh E. 1992a. In vivo measurement of carcass traits of meat type rabbits by X-ray computerised tomography. J. Appl. Rabbit Res., 15: 799-809.Szendrő Zs., Mohamed M.M.A., Biró-Németh E., Radnai I. 1992b: Heritability of teat number of rabbits. J. Appl. Rabbit Research, 15: 174-180.Szendrő Zs., Romvári R., Horn P., Radnai I., Bíró-Németh E., Milisits G. 1996. Two-way selection for carcass traits by computerised tomography. In Proc.: 6th World Rabbit Congress, 9-12 July, 1996. Toulouse, France. 2: 371-375.Szendrő Zs., Biró-Németh E., Radnai I. 1997. Results of selection of Pannon White rabbits between 1988 and 1996. Acta Agraria Kaposvariensis, 1: 1, 37-43.Szendrő Zs., Romvári R., Nagy I., Andrássy-Baka G., Metzger Sz., Radnai I., Bíró-Németh E., Szabó A., Vígh Zs., Horn P. 2004. Selection of Pannon White rabbits based on computer tomography. In Proc.: 8th World Rabbit Congress, 7-10 September, 2004. Puebla, Mexico. 175-180.Szendrő Zs., Metzger Sz., Romvári R., Szabó A., Locsmándi L., Petrási Zs., Nagy I., Nagy Z., Bíró-Németh E., Radnai I., Matics Zs., Horn P. 2008. Effect of divergent selection based on CT measured hind leg muscle volume on productive and carcass traits of rabbits. 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A tápcsatorna fejlődésének vizsgálata egyes anatómiai és emésztés-élettani paraméterek meghatározásával házinyúlban = Investigations into the digestive maturation of the young rabbits by determination of certain anatomical and physiological parameters

A projekt célja a tápcsatorna fejlődését, az emésztés-élettani folyamatokat befolyásoló tényezők pontosabb megismerése volt az emésztőszervi megbetegedések hatékony megelőzése érdekében. Így vizsgáltuk a házinyúl bélflórájának kialakulását a megszületést követően tíznapos életkorig, az elválasztási életkor (21 28 és 35 nap) hatását, valamint a Bacillus cereus var. toyoi, a fermentált búzacsíra tartalmú prebiotikus anyag és az inulin, mint prebiotikum hatását a nyulak növekedésére, a tápcsatorna növekedésére, és egyes emésztés-élettani paraméterekre, különös tekintettel a vakbélfermentációra (pH, vakbélflóra összetétele, illózsírsav termelés, cellulolitikus aktivitás). A bacteroidesek betelepedése a megszületést követő 3. napon megindult. Ezek a baktériumok részben az anyai bélsárból, részben pedig az anya nemi szerveiből származtak. A korai (21 napos) elválasztás nem okozott jelentős veszteséget, még gyógyszermentes táp fogyasztása esetén sem, viszont az állatok növekedése elmaradt a később elválasztott társaikétól. A bélflóra összetételét döntően az életkor határozza meg, arra az elválasztásnak nem volt jelentős hatása. A táplálék (tej/táp) ugyanakkor jelentősen befolyásolta a mikrobiális aktivitást, a fermentáció irányát. A pre- és probiotikus anyagokkal végzett eddigi kísérletek eredményei azt mutatják, hogy kísérleti (kiváló higiéniás, tartási és takarmányozási) viszonyok között ezek nem eredményeztek mindig egyértelmű változást a tápcsatorna működésében. A hatásmechanizmusra vonatkozó eredmények sokszor ellentmondásosak, tisztázásuk további in vivo és in vitro kísérleteket igényel. | The aim of the project was to examine effects influencing the development and function of the digestive tract for the sake of efficient prevention of enteric diseases in rabbits. Development of the caecal flora after birth, effect of weaning age (21, 28, 35 days), and effect of certain pre- and probiotics (Bacillus cereus var. toyoi, fermented wheat germ and inulin) on growth of the animals and the GI tract, and certain digestive physiological parameters with special regard to caecal fermentation processes (pH, VFA production, composition of the microflora, fibrolytic activity) were examined. Colonisation of the caecum by Bacteroides commenced already on day 3 after birth. These bacteria originated from the maternal faeces and the does? reproductive organs. Early weaning (age 21 d) did not cause detrimental changes in the digestive physiological parameters examined, but resulted in lower production. Composition of the caecal flora is determined mainly by age, however microbial activity (and VFA production) was highly dependent on nutrition (milk or solid feed). It seems that supplementation of the diet with pro- and prebiotics does not result in unequivocal changes in the GI tract in experimental circumstances (good hygienic, nutritional and management conditions). Results concerning mode of action are often controversial, more in vivo and in vitro experiments are needed

The classical molecular dynamics simulation of graphene on Ru(0001) using a fitted Tersoff interface potential

The accurate molecular dynamics simulation of weakly bound adhesive complexes, such as supported graphene, is challenging due to the lack of an adequate interface potential. Instead of the widely used Lennard-Jones potential for weak and long-range interactions we use a newly parameterized Tersoff-potential for graphene/Ru(0001) system. The new interfacial force field provides adequate moir$\acute{e}$ superstructures in accordance with scanning tunnelling microscopy images and with DFT results. In particular, the corrugation of $\xi \approx 1.0 \pm 0.2$ $\hbox{\AA}$ is found which is somewhat smaller than found by DFT approaches ($\xi \approx 1.2$ $\hbox{\AA}$) and is close to STM measurements ($\xi \approx 0.8 \pm 0.3$ $\hbox{\AA}$).The new potential could open the way towards large scale simulations of supported graphene with adequate moir$\acute{e}$ supercells in many fields of graphene research. Moreover, the new interface potential might provide a new strategy in general for getting accurate interaction potentials for weakly bound adhesion in large scale systems in which atomic dynamics is inaccessible yet by accurate DFT calculations.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, + supplementary materia