Monitoring by HPLC of Chamomile Flavonoids Exposed to Rat Liver Microsomal Metabolism

Three major flavonoid chamomile components (quercetin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and rutin) were subjected to oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomal preparations. Changes over time in their respective concentrations were followed using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection. No clean-up had to be applied as only the specific flavonoid had to be separated from the background components originating from the rat liver microsome. Neither the concentration of apigenin-7-O-glucoside nor that of the diglycoside rutin decreased during one hour of exposure to rat microsomal treatment. In contrast, the concentration of quercetin, a lipophilic aglycon, decreased. Our analytical HPLC results complement the in silico calculated lipophilicity (logP) of these compounds; the relatively high lipophilicity of quercetin appears to predispose it to oxidative metabolism in order to decrease its fat solubility. In contrast the much less lipophilic compounds apigenin-7-O-glucoside and rutin were resistant in vitro to microsomal treatment

Antioksidansi i trovanje organofosfornim spojevima

Oxidative stress has recently been implicated as a factor in the mortality and morbidity induced by organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning. An overwhelming number of research papers are based on studying at the cellular and organ level. Such studies have concluded that antioxidants can be used as an adjunct compound in the treatment of both chronic as well as acute OP poisoning. Still, the role of antioxidants in reducing the mortality and morbidity induced by OP compounds has scarcely been verified, as well as their role as adjunct treatment compounds for both structurally and functionally different OP compounds. The present review of the literature was undertaken to establish the role of antioxidants in survival studies following acute exposure to OP compounds. The review found no substantial evidence that antioxidants demonstrate any positive effect following extremely toxic poisoning. However, for a more comprehensive and rational conclusion, further research needs to be conducted.Oksidacijski stres u novije je vrijeme označen kao faktor pri mortalitetu i morbiditetu uzrokovanom trovanjem organofosfornim spojevima. Sve veći broj studija zasnovan je na proučavanju na razini stanice i organa i takve su studije većinom zaključile da se antioksidansi mogu rabiti kao dodatne tvari pri liječenju kroničnog, ali i akutnog trovanja organofosfornim spojevima. No uloga antioksidansâ u smanjenju mortaliteta i morbiditeta izazvanog trovanjem organofosfornim spojevima još nije u dovoljnoj mjeri potvrđena. Štoviše, funkcija antioksidansâ kao dodatnih tvari pri liječenju i dalje je uvelike nerazjašnjena za strukturalno i funkcionalno različite vrste organofosfornih spojeva. Ovaj pregledni rad napisan je s namjerom određivanja uloge antioksidansâ u studijama preživljavanja zbog akutne izloženosti organofosfornim spojevima. Pregledom se nije utvrdio nijedan čvršći dokaz da antioksidansi imaju pozitivan učinak nakon ekstremno toksičnog trovanja. Međutim za sveobuhvatniji i racionalniji zaključak nužno je dalje proučavanje